This excess fungal yeast irritates the scalp, causing overproduction of skin cells.

这过量真菌酵母刺激皮肤产生了过多皮肤细胞。

Other examples include aseptate fungal hyphae and certain green algae, such as Acetabularia.

其他例子还包括不具隔膜真菌菌丝以及一些绿，例如伞。

Conclusion Rabbit fungal keratitis model of Candida albicans can be built successfully with epikeratophakia.

结论应用角膜表层镜片术可以成功建立浅层真菌性角膜炎兔动物模型。

These new fungistat solve the question of fungal resistance to drug and prevent blindly using medicine.

这些新型抗真菌药解决了真菌耐药问题,制止了用药。

Pseudoparenchyma A fungal or algal tissue resembling parenchyma but made up of interwoven hyphae (fungi) or filaments (algae).

在真菌或类组织中，类似于薄壁组织但是是由菌丝（真菌）或丝（类）交织而成。

Conclusion:FESS surgery is effective in treating chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,and need not use medicine of anti-fungoid.

鼻内镜手术是治疗鼻-鼻窦真菌性疾病有效方法,可不使用抗真菌药。

Whether or not to use antimycotic agents may be decided based on the extent of fungal infection and the underlying disease.

是否须使用抗黴菌药物可由感程度与其本身疾病来决定。

Lomasome An infolding of the plasma membrane found particularly in fungal hyphae and spores, and also in some algae and higher plants.

原生质膜内折，尤其存在于真菌菌丝和孢子中，在某些类和高等植物中也存在。

Conclusions: The treatment of fungal sinusitis with operation by canine fossa under nasoscope can cure once and for all to bring under permanent contro...

结论鼻内镜下尖牙窝联合进路治疗霉菌性鼻窦炎可达到根治和微创效果。

Plasmogamy in the absence of karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) occurs between fungal mycelia of different strains of some ascomycetes and basidiomycetes to form a heterokaryon.

未核配（核融合）质配发生在不同株系子囊菌和担子菌菌丝体之间以形成异核体。

Dikaryon (dicaryon) A fungal hypha or mycelium whose cells each contain two different nuclei, arising from the fusion of two compatible cells, each with one nucleus.

真菌菌丝或菌丝体细胞含有两个不同细胞核，来源于两个相同各具有一个细胞核细胞融合。

The release and aerosolization of the fungal spore on the surface of building materials are the key factors to investigate the bioaerosol exposure and harmful effects on human health.

建筑材料表面真菌孢子释放和气溶胶形成,是研究室内空气微生物气溶胶暴露及其对人体危害关键因素。

Reproduction in lichens may be asexual by soredia (algal cells enclosed by fungal hyphae) or by sexual fungal spores, which can survive only if some algal cells are also present.

地衣可以利用粉芽（真菌菌丝包裹类细胞）进行无性生殖或利用真菌孢子进行有性生殖。

This excess fungal yeast irritates the scalp, causing overproduction of skin cells.

这过量的酵母刺激皮肤产生了过多的皮肤细胞。

Other examples include aseptate fungal hyphae and certain green algae, such as Acetabularia.

其他的例子还具隔膜的的丝以及一些绿，例如伞。

Conclusion Rabbit fungal keratitis model of Candida albicans can be built successfully with epikeratophakia.

结论应用角膜表镜片术可以成功建立浅性角膜炎的兔动物模型。

These new fungistat solve the question of fungal resistance to drug and prevent blindly using medicine.

这些新型抗药解决了的耐药问题,制止了盲目的用药。

Pseudoparenchyma A fungal or algal tissue resembling parenchyma but made up of interwoven hyphae (fungi) or filaments (algae).

在或类组织中，类似于薄壁组织但是是由丝（）或丝（类）交织而成。

Conclusion:FESS surgery is effective in treating chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,and need not use medicine of anti-fungoid.

鼻内镜手术是治疗鼻-鼻窦性疾病的有效方法,可使用抗药。

Whether or not to use antimycotic agents may be decided based on the extent of fungal infection and the underlying disease.

是否须使用抗黴的药物可由感染的程度与其本身疾病来决定。

Lomasome An infolding of the plasma membrane found particularly in fungal hyphae and spores, and also in some algae and higher plants.

原生质膜的内折，尤其存在于的丝和孢子中，在某些类和高等植物中也存在。

Conclusions: The treatment of fungal sinusitis with operation by canine fossa under nasoscope can cure once and for all to bring under permanent contro...

结论鼻内镜下尖牙窝联合进路治疗霉性鼻窦炎可达到根治和微创的效果。

Plasmogamy in the absence of karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) occurs between fungal mycelia of different strains of some ascomycetes and basidiomycetes to form a heterokaryon.

未核配（核融合）的质配发生在同株系的子囊和担子丝体之间以形成异核体。

Dikaryon (dicaryon) A fungal hypha or mycelium whose cells each contain two different nuclei, arising from the fusion of two compatible cells, each with one nucleus.

的丝或丝体细胞含有两个同的细胞核，来源于两个相同的各具有一个细胞核的细胞的融合。

The release and aerosolization of the fungal spore on the surface of building materials are the key factors to investigate the bioaerosol exposure and harmful effects on human health.

建筑材料表面孢子的释放和气溶胶的形成,是研究室内空气微生物气溶胶暴露及其对人体危害的关键因素。

Reproduction in lichens may be asexual by soredia (algal cells enclosed by fungal hyphae) or by sexual fungal spores, which can survive only if some algal cells are also present.

地衣可以利用粉芽（丝裹类细胞）进行无性生殖或利用孢子进行有性生殖。

This excess fungal yeast irritates the scalp, causing overproduction of skin cells.

这过量的酵母刺激皮肤产生了过多的皮肤细胞。

Other examples include aseptate fungal hyphae and certain green algae, such as Acetabularia.

其他的例子不具隔膜的的丝以及一些绿，例如伞。

Conclusion Rabbit fungal keratitis model of Candida albicans can be built successfully with epikeratophakia.

结论应用角膜表层镜片术可以成功建立浅层角膜炎的兔动物模型。

These new fungistat solve the question of fungal resistance to drug and prevent blindly using medicine.

这些新型抗药解决了的耐药问题,制止了盲目的用药。

Pseudoparenchyma A fungal or algal tissue resembling parenchyma but made up of interwoven hyphae (fungi) or filaments (algae).

在或类组织中，类似于薄壁组织但是是由丝（）或丝（类）交织而成。

Conclusion:FESS surgery is effective in treating chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,and need not use medicine of anti-fungoid.

鼻内镜手术是治疗鼻-鼻窦疾病的有效方法,可不使用抗药。

Whether or not to use antimycotic agents may be decided based on the extent of fungal infection and the underlying disease.

是否须使用抗黴的药物可由感染的程度与其本身疾病来决定。

Lomasome An infolding of the plasma membrane found particularly in fungal hyphae and spores, and also in some algae and higher plants.

原生质膜的内折，尤其存在于的丝和孢子中，在某些类和高等植物中也存在。

Conclusions: The treatment of fungal sinusitis with operation by canine fossa under nasoscope can cure once and for all to bring under permanent contro...

结论鼻内镜下尖牙窝联合进路治疗霉鼻窦炎可达到根治和微创的效果。

Plasmogamy in the absence of karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) occurs between fungal mycelia of different strains of some ascomycetes and basidiomycetes to form a heterokaryon.

未核配（核融合）的质配发生在不同株系的子囊和担子丝体之间以形成异核体。

Dikaryon (dicaryon) A fungal hypha or mycelium whose cells each contain two different nuclei, arising from the fusion of two compatible cells, each with one nucleus.

的丝或丝体细胞含有两个不同的细胞核，来源于两个相同的各具有一个细胞核的细胞的融合。

The release and aerosolization of the fungal spore on the surface of building materials are the key factors to investigate the bioaerosol exposure and harmful effects on human health.

建筑材料表面孢子的释放和气溶胶的形成,是研究室内空气微生物气溶胶暴露及其对人体危害的关键因素。

Reproduction in lichens may be asexual by soredia (algal cells enclosed by fungal hyphae) or by sexual fungal spores, which can survive only if some algal cells are also present.

地衣可以利用粉芽（丝裹类细胞）进行无生殖或利用孢子进行有生殖。

This excess fungal yeast irritates the scalp, causing overproduction of skin cells.

这过量的真菌酵母刺激皮肤产了过多的皮肤细胞。

Other examples include aseptate fungal hyphae and certain green algae, such as Acetabularia.

其他的例子还包括不具隔膜的真菌的菌丝以及一些绿，例如伞。

Conclusion Rabbit fungal keratitis model of Candida albicans can be built successfully with epikeratophakia.

结论应用角膜表层镜片术可以成功建立浅层真菌性角膜炎的兔动模型。

These new fungistat solve the question of fungal resistance to drug and prevent blindly using medicine.

这些新型抗真菌药解决了真菌的耐药问题,制止了盲目的用药。

Pseudoparenchyma A fungal or algal tissue resembling parenchyma but made up of interwoven hyphae (fungi) or filaments (algae).

在真菌或组织中，似于薄壁组织但是是由菌丝（真菌）或丝（）织而成。

Conclusion:FESS surgery is effective in treating chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,and need not use medicine of anti-fungoid.

鼻内镜手术是治疗鼻-鼻窦真菌性疾病的有效方法,可不使用抗真菌药。

Whether or not to use antimycotic agents may be decided based on the extent of fungal infection and the underlying disease.

是否须使用抗黴菌的药可由感染的程度与其本身疾病来决定。

Lomasome An infolding of the plasma membrane found particularly in fungal hyphae and spores, and also in some algae and higher plants.

原质膜的内折，尤其存在于真菌的菌丝和孢子中，在某些和高等植中也存在。

Conclusions: The treatment of fungal sinusitis with operation by canine fossa under nasoscope can cure once and for all to bring under permanent contro...

结论鼻内镜下尖牙窝联合进路治疗霉菌性鼻窦炎可达到根治和创的效果。

Plasmogamy in the absence of karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) occurs between fungal mycelia of different strains of some ascomycetes and basidiomycetes to form a heterokaryon.

未核配（核融合）的质配发在不同株系的子囊菌和担子菌菌丝体之间以形成异核体。

Dikaryon (dicaryon) A fungal hypha or mycelium whose cells each contain two different nuclei, arising from the fusion of two compatible cells, each with one nucleus.

真菌的菌丝或菌丝体细胞含有两个不同的细胞核，来源于两个相同的各具有一个细胞核的细胞的融合。

The release and aerosolization of the fungal spore on the surface of building materials are the key factors to investigate the bioaerosol exposure and harmful effects on human health.

建筑材料表面真菌孢子的释放和气溶胶的形成,是研究室内空气气溶胶暴露及其对人体危害的关键因素。

Reproduction in lichens may be asexual by soredia (algal cells enclosed by fungal hyphae) or by sexual fungal spores, which can survive only if some algal cells are also present.

地衣可以利用粉芽（真菌菌丝包裹细胞）进行无性殖或利用真菌孢子进行有性殖。

This excess fungal yeast irritates the scalp, causing overproduction of skin cells.

这过量的真酵母刺激皮肤产生了过多的皮肤细胞。

Other examples include aseptate fungal hyphae and certain green algae, such as Acetabularia.

其他的例子还包括不具隔膜的真的丝以及一些绿，例如伞。

Conclusion Rabbit fungal keratitis model of Candida albicans can be built successfully with epikeratophakia.

结论应用角膜表层镜片术可以成功建立浅层真性角膜炎的兔动物模型。

These new fungistat solve the question of fungal resistance to drug and prevent blindly using medicine.

这些新型抗真药解决了真的耐药问题,制止了盲目的用药。

Pseudoparenchyma A fungal or algal tissue resembling parenchyma but made up of interwoven hyphae (fungi) or filaments (algae).

在真类组织中，类似于薄壁组织但是是由丝（真）丝（类）交织而成。

Conclusion:FESS surgery is effective in treating chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,and need not use medicine of anti-fungoid.

鼻内镜手术是治疗鼻-鼻窦真性疾的有效方法,可不使用抗真药。

Whether or not to use antimycotic agents may be decided based on the extent of fungal infection and the underlying disease.

是否须使用抗黴的药物可由感染的程度与其本身疾来决定。

Lomasome An infolding of the plasma membrane found particularly in fungal hyphae and spores, and also in some algae and higher plants.

生质膜的内折，尤其存在于真的丝和孢子中，在某些类和高等植物中也存在。

Conclusions: The treatment of fungal sinusitis with operation by canine fossa under nasoscope can cure once and for all to bring under permanent contro...

结论鼻内镜下尖牙窝联合进路治疗霉性鼻窦炎可达到根治和微创的效果。

Plasmogamy in the absence of karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) occurs between fungal mycelia of different strains of some ascomycetes and basidiomycetes to form a heterokaryon.

未核配（核融合）的质配发生在不同株系的子囊和担子丝之间以形成异核。

Dikaryon (dicaryon) A fungal hypha or mycelium whose cells each contain two different nuclei, arising from the fusion of two compatible cells, each with one nucleus.

真的丝丝细胞含有两个不同的细胞核，来源于两个相同的各具有一个细胞核的细胞的融合。

The release and aerosolization of the fungal spore on the surface of building materials are the key factors to investigate the bioaerosol exposure and harmful effects on human health.

建筑材料表面真孢子的释放和气溶胶的形成,是研究室内空气微生物气溶胶暴露及其对人危害的关键因素。

Reproduction in lichens may be asexual by soredia (algal cells enclosed by fungal hyphae) or by sexual fungal spores, which can survive only if some algal cells are also present.

地衣可以利用粉芽（真丝包裹类细胞）进行无性生殖利用真孢子进行有性生殖。

This excess fungal yeast irritates the scalp, causing overproduction of skin cells.

这过量的真酵母刺激皮肤产生了过多的皮肤胞。

Other examples include aseptate fungal hyphae and certain green algae, such as Acetabularia.

其他的例子还包括不具隔膜的真的丝以及一些绿，例如伞。

Conclusion Rabbit fungal keratitis model of Candida albicans can be built successfully with epikeratophakia.

结论应用角膜表层镜片术可以成功建立浅层真性角膜炎的兔动物模型。

These new fungistat solve the question of fungal resistance to drug and prevent blindly using medicine.

这些新型抗真药解决了真的耐药问题,制止了盲目的用药。

Pseudoparenchyma A fungal or algal tissue resembling parenchyma but made up of interwoven hyphae (fungi) or filaments (algae).

在真或类组织中，类似于薄壁组织但丝（真）或丝（类）交织而成。

Conclusion:FESS surgery is effective in treating chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,and need not use medicine of anti-fungoid.

鼻内镜手术治疗鼻-鼻窦真性疾病的有效方法,可不使用抗真药。

Whether or not to use antimycotic agents may be decided based on the extent of fungal infection and the underlying disease.

否须使用抗黴的药物可感染的程度与其本身疾病来决定。

Lomasome An infolding of the plasma membrane found particularly in fungal hyphae and spores, and also in some algae and higher plants.

原生质膜的内折，尤其存在于真的丝和孢子中，在某些类和高等植物中也存在。

Conclusions: The treatment of fungal sinusitis with operation by canine fossa under nasoscope can cure once and for all to bring under permanent contro...

结论鼻内镜下尖牙窝联合进路治疗霉性鼻窦炎可达到根治和微创的效果。

Plasmogamy in the absence of karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) occurs between fungal mycelia of different strains of some ascomycetes and basidiomycetes to form a heterokaryon.

未核配（核融合）的质配发生在不同株系的子囊和担子丝之间以形成异核。

Dikaryon (dicaryon) A fungal hypha or mycelium whose cells each contain two different nuclei, arising from the fusion of two compatible cells, each with one nucleus.

真的丝或丝胞含有两个不同的胞核，来源于两个相同的各具有一个胞核的胞的融合。

The release and aerosolization of the fungal spore on the surface of building materials are the key factors to investigate the bioaerosol exposure and harmful effects on human health.

建筑材料表面真孢子的释放和气溶胶的形成,研究室内空气微生物气溶胶暴露及其对人危害的关键因素。

Reproduction in lichens may be asexual by soredia (algal cells enclosed by fungal hyphae) or by sexual fungal spores, which can survive only if some algal cells are also present.

地衣可以利用粉芽（真丝包裹类胞）进行无性生殖或利用真孢子进行有性生殖。

This excess fungal yeast irritates the scalp, causing overproduction of skin cells.

这过量的真菌酵母刺激皮肤产生了过多的皮肤细胞。

Other examples include aseptate fungal hyphae and certain green algae, such as Acetabularia.

其他的例子还包括不具隔膜的真菌的菌丝以及一些绿，例如伞。

Conclusion Rabbit fungal keratitis model of Candida albicans can be built successfully with epikeratophakia.

结论应用角膜表层镜片术可以成功建立浅层真菌性角膜炎的兔动物模型。

These new fungistat solve the question of fungal resistance to drug and prevent blindly using medicine.

这些新型抗真菌药解决了真菌的耐药问题,制止了盲目的用药。

Pseudoparenchyma A fungal or algal tissue resembling parenchyma but made up of interwoven hyphae (fungi) or filaments (algae).

在真菌或类织中，类似于织但是是由菌丝（真菌）或丝（类）交织而成。

Conclusion:FESS surgery is effective in treating chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,and need not use medicine of anti-fungoid.

鼻内镜手术是治疗鼻-鼻窦真菌性疾病的有效方法,可不使用抗真菌药。

Whether or not to use antimycotic agents may be decided based on the extent of fungal infection and the underlying disease.

是否须使用抗黴菌的药物可由感染的程度与其本身疾病来决定。

Lomasome An infolding of the plasma membrane found particularly in fungal hyphae and spores, and also in some algae and higher plants.

原生质膜的内折，尤其存在于真菌的菌丝和孢子中，在某些类和高等植物中也存在。

Conclusions: The treatment of fungal sinusitis with operation by canine fossa under nasoscope can cure once and for all to bring under permanent contro...

结论鼻内镜下尖牙窝联合进路治疗菌性鼻窦炎可达到根治和微创的效果。

Plasmogamy in the absence of karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) occurs between fungal mycelia of different strains of some ascomycetes and basidiomycetes to form a heterokaryon.

未核配（核融合）的质配发生在不同株系的子囊菌和担子菌菌丝体之间以形成异核体。

Dikaryon (dicaryon) A fungal hypha or mycelium whose cells each contain two different nuclei, arising from the fusion of two compatible cells, each with one nucleus.

真菌的菌丝或菌丝体细胞含有两个不同的细胞核，来源于两个相同的各具有一个细胞核的细胞的融合。

The release and aerosolization of the fungal spore on the surface of building materials are the key factors to investigate the bioaerosol exposure and harmful effects on human health.

建筑材料表面真菌孢子的释放和气溶胶的形成,是研究室内空气微生物气溶胶暴露及其对人体危害的关键因素。

Reproduction in lichens may be asexual by soredia (algal cells enclosed by fungal hyphae) or by sexual fungal spores, which can survive only if some algal cells are also present.

地衣可以利用粉芽（真菌菌丝包裹类细胞）进行无性生殖或利用真菌孢子进行有性生殖。

This excess fungal yeast irritates the scalp, causing overproduction of skin cells.

这过量真菌酵母刺激皮肤产生了过多皮肤细胞。

Other examples include aseptate fungal hyphae and certain green algae, such as Acetabularia.

其他例子还包括不具隔膜真菌菌丝以及一些绿，例如伞。

Conclusion Rabbit fungal keratitis model of Candida albicans can be built successfully with epikeratophakia.

结论应用角膜表层镜片术以成功建立浅层真菌性角膜炎兔动物模型。

These new fungistat solve the question of fungal resistance to drug and prevent blindly using medicine.

这些新型抗真菌药解决了真菌耐药问题,制止了盲目用药。

Pseudoparenchyma A fungal or algal tissue resembling parenchyma but made up of interwoven hyphae (fungi) or filaments (algae).

在真菌或类组织中，类似薄壁组织但是是由菌丝（真菌）或丝（类）交织而成。

Conclusion:FESS surgery is effective in treating chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,and need not use medicine of anti-fungoid.

鼻内镜手术是治疗鼻-鼻窦真菌性疾病有效法,不使用抗真菌药。

Whether or not to use antimycotic agents may be decided based on the extent of fungal infection and the underlying disease.

是否须使用抗黴菌药物由感染程度与其本身疾病来决定。

Lomasome An infolding of the plasma membrane found particularly in fungal hyphae and spores, and also in some algae and higher plants.

原生质膜内折，尤其存在真菌菌丝和孢子中，在某些类和高植物中也存在。

Conclusions: The treatment of fungal sinusitis with operation by canine fossa under nasoscope can cure once and for all to bring under permanent contro...

结论鼻内镜下尖牙窝联合进路治疗霉菌性鼻窦炎达到根治和微创效果。

Plasmogamy in the absence of karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) occurs between fungal mycelia of different strains of some ascomycetes and basidiomycetes to form a heterokaryon.

未核配（核融合）质配发生在不同株系子囊菌和担子菌菌丝体之间以形成异核体。

Dikaryon (dicaryon) A fungal hypha or mycelium whose cells each contain two different nuclei, arising from the fusion of two compatible cells, each with one nucleus.

真菌菌丝或菌丝体细胞含有两个不同细胞核，来源两个相同各具有一个细胞核细胞融合。

The release and aerosolization of the fungal spore on the surface of building materials are the key factors to investigate the bioaerosol exposure and harmful effects on human health.

建筑材料表面真菌孢子释放和气溶胶形成,是研究室内空气微生物气溶胶暴露及其对人体危害关键因素。

Reproduction in lichens may be asexual by soredia (algal cells enclosed by fungal hyphae) or by sexual fungal spores, which can survive only if some algal cells are also present.

地衣以利用粉芽（真菌菌丝包裹类细胞）进行无性生殖或利用真菌孢子进行有性生殖。

This excess fungal yeast irritates the scalp, causing overproduction of skin cells.

这过量的菌激皮肤产生过多的皮肤细胞。

Other examples include aseptate fungal hyphae and certain green algae, such as Acetabularia.

其他的例子还包括不具隔膜的菌的菌丝以及一些绿，例如伞。

Conclusion Rabbit fungal keratitis model of Candida albicans can be built successfully with epikeratophakia.

结论应用角膜表层镜片术可以成功建立浅层菌性角膜炎的兔动物模型。

These new fungistat solve the question of fungal resistance to drug and prevent blindly using medicine.

这些新型抗菌药解菌的耐药问题,制止盲目的用药。

Pseudoparenchyma A fungal or algal tissue resembling parenchyma but made up of interwoven hyphae (fungi) or filaments (algae).

在菌或类组织中，类似于薄壁组织但是是由菌丝（菌）或丝（类）交织而成。

Conclusion:FESS surgery is effective in treating chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,and need not use medicine of anti-fungoid.

鼻内镜手术是治疗鼻-鼻窦菌性疾病的有效方法,可不使用抗菌药。

Whether or not to use antimycotic agents may be decided based on the extent of fungal infection and the underlying disease.

是否须使用抗黴菌的药物可由感染的程度与其本身疾病来定。

Lomasome An infolding of the plasma membrane found particularly in fungal hyphae and spores, and also in some algae and higher plants.

原生质膜的内折，尤其存在于菌的菌丝和孢子中，在某些类和高等植物中也存在。

Conclusions: The treatment of fungal sinusitis with operation by canine fossa under nasoscope can cure once and for all to bring under permanent contro...

结论鼻内镜下尖牙窝联合进路治疗霉菌性鼻窦炎可达到根治和微创的效果。

Plasmogamy in the absence of karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) occurs between fungal mycelia of different strains of some ascomycetes and basidiomycetes to form a heterokaryon.

未核配（核融合）的质配发生在不同株系的子囊菌和担子菌菌丝体之间以形成异核体。

Dikaryon (dicaryon) A fungal hypha or mycelium whose cells each contain two different nuclei, arising from the fusion of two compatible cells, each with one nucleus.

菌的菌丝或菌丝体细胞含有两个不同的细胞核，来源于两个相同的各具有一个细胞核的细胞的融合。

The release and aerosolization of the fungal spore on the surface of building materials are the key factors to investigate the bioaerosol exposure and harmful effects on human health.

建筑材料表面菌孢子的释放和气溶胶的形成,是研究室内空气微生物气溶胶暴露及其对人体危害的关键因素。

Reproduction in lichens may be asexual by soredia (algal cells enclosed by fungal hyphae) or by sexual fungal spores, which can survive only if some algal cells are also present.

地衣可以利用粉芽（菌菌丝包裹类细胞）进行无性生殖或利用菌孢子进行有性生殖。