Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti，profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.

首刘桂堂以活动范围之广、历经时间之长、众之多、危害社会之大，成为民国时期全国罕见的巨，也为民国土史的研究提供了一个典型个案。

Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti，profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.

首刘桂堂以活动范围之广、历经时间之长、聚集众之多、危害社会之大，成为民时期全罕见的巨，也为民史的研究提供了一个典型个案。

Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti，profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.

首刘桂堂以活动范围之广、历经时间之长、众之多、危害社会之大，成为民国时期全国罕见的巨，也为民国土史的研究提供了一个典型个案。

Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti，profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.

匪首刘桂堂活动范围之广、历经时间之长、聚集匪众之多、危害社会之大，成为民国时期全国罕见的巨匪，也为民国土匪史的研究提供了一个典型个案。

Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti，profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.

匪首刘桂堂以活动范围之广、历经时间之长、聚集匪众之多、危害社会之大，成为民国时期全国罕见的巨匪，也为民国土匪史的研究提供了一典案。

Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti，profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.

匪首刘桂堂以活动范围之广、历经时间之长、聚集匪众之多、危害社会之大，成为民国时期全国罕见的巨匪，也为民国土匪史的研究提供了一典案。

Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti，profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.

首刘桂堂以活动范围之广、历经时间之长、聚集众之多、危害社会之大，成为民时期全罕见的巨，也为民史的研究提供了一个典型个案。

Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti，profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.

匪首刘桂堂以活动范围广、历经时间长、聚集匪众多、危害大，成为民国时期全国罕见巨匪，也为民国土匪史研究提供了一个典型个案。

Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti，profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.

匪首刘桂堂以活动范围广、历经时间长、聚集匪众多、危害社会，为民国时期全国罕见巨匪，也为民国土匪史研究提供了一个典型个案。

Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti，profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.

匪首刘桂堂以活动范围之广、历经时间之长、聚集匪众之多、危害社会之大，成为民时期见的巨匪，也为民土匪史的研究提供了一个典型个案。