Turtles and tortoises have hard shells which protect their bodies.

龟有硬的龟壳来保护它们的身体。

They're strong enough to crack a turtle's shell.

它们很强壮，足以把龟壳砸开。

So how did the shell evolve?

那么龟壳如何演变的呢？

I do not clam up. - You do. You clam.

我才不会缩进龟壳 -你会的 真的会。

Sea turtles have flatter, lighter shells for streamlined gliding through the water.

更扁更轻的龟壳方便海龟在水中。

They introduced their turtle-shell pills into three animals and studied their stomachs a day later.

他们将龟壳药片给三只猪吞下，一天后研究它们的胃。

And in my personal and work life, I've dealt with my share of sliding green shells.

在我的个人活和工作中，我越过了很多动的绿色龟壳（障碍）。

A turtle's shell has obvious advantages for guarding against predators, but the rigid casing also presents some challenges.

龟壳具有明显的防掠食者的优势，的外壳也带来了一些挑战。

The engineers loaded these polymer-encased mRNA molecules into their turtle-shell pills, which were then swallowed by six mice.

工程师们将这些聚合物包裹的mRNA分子装入龟壳状药片中，并让六只老鼠吞下。

The most common method to determine a turtle's age is based on observing the lines that form on their shells.

判断乌龟年龄最常用的方法是观察龟壳上形成的纹路。

Make the turtle shell out of a trash can lid.

用垃圾桶盖做乌龟壳。

Now there's black spots all over this white turtle shell.

现在这只白龟壳上全是黑点。

The cigarettes were in a cheap Chinese or Japanese case of imitation tortoiseshell.

香烟装在一个廉价的中国或日本仿龟壳盒中。

You see, inside a turtle shell is a very particular respiratory system.

你看，龟壳里面有一个非常特殊的呼吸系统。

The device they invented is the size of a large pill, encased in gelatine and shaped like the shell of a tortoise.

他们发明的装置有一个大药片的大小，包裹在明胶里，形状像龟壳。

If you've ever touched a turtle shell, then you know it's very hard.

如果你曾摸过乌龟壳，你就会知道它非常硬。

And this could help explain why it had those wide ribs ... and where turtle shells came from.

这可以帮助解释为什么它有那么宽的肋骨… … 以及龟壳的来源。

A turtle’s shell has obvious advantages for guarding against predators, but the rigid casing also presents some challenges.

龟壳在抵御捕食者方面具有明显的优势，硬的外壳也带来了一些挑战。

I mean, if you’ll recall they weren’t just trading, like, tortoise shells and stuff - not again!

我的意思是， 如果你还记得他们不只是交易，比如龟壳之类的东西——不会再来了！

Although they might look similar, turtle shells are not osteoderms, and they form through a different process.

虽然它们看起来很相似，龟壳不是骨皮，它们通过不同的过程形成。