The problem is excessive drinking and the lives it destroys.

问题过度饮酒及其毁掉生命。

On the other hand, those who drink excessively for a long time may develop liver damage, which has the opposite effect.

另外，长期过度饮酒人，肝脏可能会受损，从而产生反效果。

There is a corner of the churchyard where the grass grows long, and where the suicides, drunks, unbaptized babies and other supposed criminals are laid.

这一个杂草丛生墓地角落，埋葬着那些自杀人，饮酒过度人，没有施过洗婴儿，还有其他被认为有罪人。

Why not do the decent thing and pull the trigger and everybody will assume it was just a case of too much wild drinking?

为什么不做体面事情并扣动扳机， 每个人都会认为这只一个过度饮酒情况？

The expression is supposedly based on a stereotype of Irish people over-imbibing — the connotation being that they would be too intoxicated to say goodbye before leaving a social event.

据说这个基于爱尔兰人过度饮酒刻板印象——其含义他们在离开社交活动之前会喝得太醉而无法说再见。

So, from a public health perspective, policies that relate to the price and the availability of alcohol are among those that we think can be most impactful in reducing excessive alcohol consumption.

因此，从公共卫生角度来看，与酒精价格和供应相关政策我们认为对减少过度饮酒最有效政策之一。

But it's also a very expensive problem for all of us. And, as you noted in your opening, we estimate the economic cost of excessive drinking at about $224 billion a year.

但对我们所有人来说，这也一个代价高昂问题。而且，正如您在开场白中指出那样，我们估计每年过度饮酒经济成本约为 2240 亿美元。

The estimates that we reported in our study, which, again, are deaths that are attributable to excessive alcohol use, are calculated in a variety of different ways, but part of that calculation does involve self-reports of alcohol consumption by individuals.

我们在研究中报告估计数，同样过度饮酒导致死亡，通过各种不同方式计算，但部分计算确实涉及个人对酒精消费自我报告。