Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water.

而有的细菌只有一根鞭毛。鞭毛的旋转以推动细菌在水中行进。

Well, choanoflagellates have little flagella that whip back and forth to move them from place to place.

领鞭虫有很小的鞭毛，鞭毛来回摆动，让它们从一个地方移动到另一个地方。

Giardia, Shigella, and E. Coli may cause diarrheal illnesses.

鞭毛虫，志贺氏菌，和大肠杆菌起腹泻。

For capturing food, it would use its flagelliform silk gland to build the trap.

如果要捕捉食物，它就会用鞭毛状丝腺来制造陷阱。

Another French term was giardia a type of plant or flower.

另一个法语术语giardia（贾第鞭毛虫），一种植物或花。

Leptospira is also a motile bacteria because it has flagella that help it move around.

钩端旋体也一种动菌，因为它有以帮助运动的鞭毛。

They can also have flagella which are long, whip-like protrusions that allow the bacteria to move.

细菌表面也有类似鞭子一样的突出物，称为鞭毛，它们参与协助细菌运动。

Flagellation was one of  these methods, but there were plenty more as well.

鞭毛方法之一，但还有更多。

As in modern specimens, the fossil sperm lacked a flagellum, or tail.

与现代标本一样，化石精子没有鞭毛或尾巴。

The process by which a spermatid elongates, grows a tail, or flagellum, and officially becomes a mobile sperm is called spermiogenesis.

精子细胞伸长、长出尾巴或鞭毛并正式成为移动精子的过程称为精子形成。

Here a photosynthetic flagellate called Euglena deses is dividing.

在里，一种叫做裸藻的光合鞭毛虫正在分裂。

A lab found 350 gene families in Choanoflagellates once thought to be exclusive to multicellular animals.

一个实验室在曾被认为多细胞动物独有的领鞭毛虫中发现了 350 个基因家族。

It has pili and a single polar flagellum, kind of like a tail, at one end which it uses for movement through the gastrointestinal tract.

它含有菌毛和一条像尾巴的鞭毛；鞭毛以移动，使其在胃肠道中移动。

And they wanted to focus on the flagellum because it's that whiplike tail that propels a sperm forward.

霍普金：他们想把重点放在鞭毛上，因为鞭状的尾巴推动精子前进。

The cells use rotating flagella to propel towards the surface of the rock, which they attach to with the help of sticky appendages.

细胞利用旋转的鞭毛游向石头的表面，然后利用富有粘性的附属物附着于石头上。

Now, how that flagellum beating and how the movement of that structure changes in response to changing flow conditions was completely ignored.

Nosrati：现在，鞭毛的跳动以及该结构的运动如何随着流动条件的变化而变化被完全忽略了。

It is poison. It is toxic waste. Take water that's got fecal matter, cryptosporidium, giardia, every other kind of organic toxin or inorganic.

毒药。它有毒废物。取含有粪便、隐孢子虫、贾第鞭毛虫和其他各种有机或无机毒素的水。

Over billions of years of evolution, nature has come up with lots of molecular machines, from whip-like flagella that help cells move, to enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions.

在几十亿年的进化过程中，大自然产生了许多分子机器，从帮助细胞运动的鞭状鞭毛体到催生化学反应的酶。

When the sperm are swimming through fluid that's more syrupy ... Nosrati: … they reduce their flagellar beat amplitude ; then they beat with a smaller wave.

霍普金：当精子在糖浆状的液体中游动时… … 诺斯拉蒂：… … 它们会降低鞭毛的跳动幅度；然后他们用较小的波浪敲打。

Matrix producers pump out the extracellular goo, swimmers assemble flagella and are free to move about or migrate, and spore-formers produce dormant, tough endospores that survive starvation, temperature extremes, and harmful radiation.

基质制造者够分泌细胞外粘性物质，鞭毛以自由活动和迁移，芽孢菌生产休眠、坚硬的孢子内壁，孢子内壁够在饥饿、极端温度、以及有害射线下生存。