Now, the portal venous system comprises of the portal vein and its tributaries, namely the Splenic and Mesenteric veins.

门统由门和其支流组成，包括脾和肠膜。

But in some situations, an obstruction may prevent blood flow from the portal vein towards the inferior vena cava.

但有时从门流到下腔的血流会受。

In fact, portal hypertension is the most common cause of esophageal varices.

其实门高压症是食管曲张最常见的原因。

Beta-blockers like propranolol can decrease portal venous pressure and prevent complications.

诸如心得安之类的β受体滞剂可以降低门压力，并预防并发症。

When this happens, venous blood accumulates in the hepatic portal system, causing pressure to rise above 12 mmHg, which defines portal hypertension.

当这情况发生时，血会在肝门统里蓄积，导致压力上升到12mHg以上，这就是门高压症的定义。

The round ligament stay shut because pressures in the portal venous system and the systemic venous system are the same under 12 mmHg.

圆韧带保持关闭状态，这是因为门统里的血压和体统的血压都同样是低于12mmHg的。

Portal hypertension can also cause blood to back up into the spleen causing congestive splenomegaly, meaning the enlarged spleen.

门高压症还能导致血液向脾脏回流，造成充血性脾肿大，即扩大的脾。

The most common cause of portal hypertension is cirrhosis.

门高压症的最常见原因是肝硬。

With TIPS, a tube is inserted via a catheter to allow communication between the portal vein and hepatic vein.

使用TIPS时，可通过小导管插入大导管，以实现门和肝之间的连通。

This happens when there's an obstruction in the passage of blood from the portal vein towards the vena cava.

当血液从门流向腔的通道塞时，就会发生这情况。

This happens because blood flow follows the path of least resistance and shunts away from the portal system and towards the systemic system of circulation.

血流循着力小的方向进行，因为门高压，所以会绕过门统分流至体循环统。

Another consequence of portal hypertension is that the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels release more nitric oxide.

门高压症的另一后果是血管内皮细胞会释放更多的一氧氮。

Protein C or protein S deficiency is also sometimes suspected when a venous thromboembolism develops in an unusual site like the portal, mesenteric, or cerebral veins.

当血栓栓塞出现在不常见的部位时，也要怀疑蛋白C或蛋白S缺乏症，比如门、肠膜或脑部。

Portal hypertension leads to the formation of Portosystemic shunts, which is when blood is diverted away from the portal venous system and backs up into the systemic veins.

门高压症可导致门-体统分流的形成，即血液从门统转向分流，回到了体统。

All right, as a quick recap, portal hypertension is when the pressure in the hepatic portal system is greater than 12 mmHg.

得！快速回顾一下：门高压症是指肝门统压力大于12mmHg。

Now causes of portal hypertension can be classified as pre-hepatic, intra-hepatic or post-hepatic, depending on where the obstruction is.

而门高压症的原因可以被分为肝前型、肝内型和肝后性，这取决于塞的部位。

The most common pre-hepatic cause is portal vein obstruction, like when there's a thrombus occluding the portal vein and blocking blood flow.

最常见的肝前型病因是门塞，例如当有栓子塞门血流时。

Higher portal vein pressure means that fluid in blood vessels is more likely to get pushed into tissues and across tissues into large open spaces like the peritoneal cavity.

较高的门压力意味着血管中的液体更容易穿透血管壁，被挤压进入组织，更有甚者穿过组织，进入更大的开放空间，如腹膜腔。

The fibrotic tissue, pressure buildup, and diversion of blood from the hepatic circulation essentially reduces the number of functional sinusoidal veins, and the number of functional portal triads in general.

纤维组织形成、门高压和肝循环血液分流，最终导致了可用的血窦数量的减少，以及整体上可用的门三联管数量减少。

As the central veins and sinusoids become compressed and push on the fluid inside, their pressure starts to build up, leading to intrasinusoidal (or portal) hypertension, which is this higher pressure in the portal veins.

中央和血窦的受压导致它们中间的液体也受到挤压，导致门高压，即门的压力升高。