She says it's possible the insects have antibacterial or soothing qualities—but this could also be a cultural practice.

她说这些虫子可能有抗菌或镇痛特性，但该行为可能是种文化实践。

And my throat got so painful from it that I couldn't even swallow tea with honey, which is usually soothing.

嗓子因咳嗽而疼痛不已，以致于咽不下通常用来镇痛加蜂蜜茶。

And it sort of just offers this nocturnal soothing balm that smooths those painful, stinging edges of difficult experiences.

起到一种夜用镇痛剂作用，可以减轻那些痛苦那些困苦经历带来刺痛。

The usual anodynes of social medicine became evident artifice.

社会医学常用镇痛剂变得明显诡计。

One big way is by exerting powerful pain relief to the rest of the body.

一种重要方法是对身体其他部位施加强镇痛作用。

ELIE MYSTAL: So only the most kind of anodyne, Disneyfied , " I like soup! " Right?

埃利·米斯塔尔：所以只有最镇痛方法，迪士尼化，“欢汤！”正确？

Is he then necessarily wrong if he administers enough painkillers to kill?

那么如果这位医生使用足够镇痛剂致使病人死亡，他就一定错特错吗？

This shouldn't be surprising, except Trivaricaine wasn't actually a painkiller, just a fake concotion with no pain-easing properties at all.

这不应该令人惊讶，除了 Trivaricaine 实际上不是止痛药，只是一种完全没有镇痛作用假混物。

In most clinical trials of analgesics of all kinds, says Dr Munglani, fewer than a third of patients feel any benefit.

在多数各类镇痛药临床试验中， Munglani 博士表示，只有不到三分之一患者感到有任何益处。

I was upset. My mom can be a pretty good shoulder to cry on, if the smell of Bengay doesn't burn your eyes.

当时很伤心嘛 妈强壮臂弯还是挺适靠着哭泣 忽略她灼伤人眼镇痛剂味道就行了。

One compound that does this is cocaine, whose painkilling effects were discovered by accident when an ophthalmology intern got some on his tongue.

一种能起到这种作用化物是可卡因，它镇痛作用是在一位眼科实习生舌头上沾到一些后偶然发现。

In February, it released draft guidance to encourage the development of non-opioid analgesics, including the suggestion that such products could be eligible for expedited review.

2 月，它发布了鼓励开发非阿片类镇痛药指南草案，包括建议此类产品有资格获得快速审查。

They can also become addictive and the body can build up tolerance to them, thus requiring ever higher doses to achieve the same analgesic effects.

它们也会让人上瘾，身体会对它们产生耐受性，因此需要更高剂量才能达到相同镇痛效果。

A more promising pain-relief candidate from Vertex Pharmaceuticals, a firm based in Boston, Massachusetts, works by limiting the flow of sodium ions into nerve cells.

来自马萨诸塞州波士顿 Vertex Pharmaceuticals 公司一种更有希望镇痛候选药物，通过限制钠离子流入神经细胞来发挥作用。

Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.

近年来，医生们一直在借用这项原则，为自己替病危患者注射剂量吗啡镇痛做法提供正当理由，尽管他们知道，不断增加剂量最终会杀死病人。

Similarly, suppose that a doctor does no wrong by withholding some treatment in order that death should come sooner rather than later. Is he then necessarily wrong if he administers enough painkillers to kill?

同样，再假设为了缩短而不是延长死亡到来时间，医生终止某种治疗是无可指责做法，那么如果这位医生使用足够镇痛剂致使病人死亡，他就一定错特错吗？

A 2022 study by researchers at Harvard Medical School showed that patients with fibromyalgia were most likely to feel the analgesic benefits of electrical nerve stimulation if they had increased sensitivity, as measured by QST.

哈佛医学院研究人员在 2022 年进行一项研究表明，如果纤维肌痛患者敏感性增加（通过 QST 测量），他们最有可能感受到电神经刺激镇痛效果。

Tests in monkeys showed that primates could be distracted from the discomfort of a tail dipped in hot water by a dose of at-121 that was 100 times smaller than that amount of morphine required for the same analgesic effect.

在猴子身上进行测试表明，灵长类动物可以通过 at-121 剂量从尾巴浸入热水中不适中转移注意力，该剂量比实现相同镇痛效果所需吗啡量小 100 倍。