Closely related to derivation is the process of conversion, which also yields a new lexeme.

生密切相关是转类过程，它也产生一个新词。

The formation of the word socialise, which belongs to derivation, involves a lexeme social and a suffix -ise.

属于生词socialise形成涉及一个词social和一个后缀-ise。

But how are morphemes combined to form a new lexeme or word form?

但是语素是如何组合形成新词或词形呢？

So far, we have seen that many words (word forms and lexemes) consist of more than one morpheme.

到目前为止，我们已经看到许多单词（词形和词）由多个语素组成。

In addition, a new lexeme can also be derived from another lexeme of the same category.

此外，也可以从同一类别另一个词生出新词。

Often, derivation involves the change of the category (part of speech) of the existing lexeme.

通常，生涉及现有词类别（词性）变化。

Different from the subcomponents of socialise, both parts are lexemes and no affix is involved in the formation of blackmail.

socialise子成分不同，blackmail两部分都是词，没有任何词缀参其形成过程。

The formation of this word, however, does not change the category of the base lexeme, as both child and childhood are nouns.

然而，这个词形成并没有改变基础词词类，因为child和childhood都是名词。

Obviously, inflection does not change the meaning of the base lexeme, nor does it change its category.

显然，屈折不改变基础词意义，也不改变其词类。

Compared with derivation, which also involves the combination of a lexeme and an affix, inflection has some special properties.

生相比，屈折也涉及词和词缀结合，但屈折有一些特殊属性。

The two word forms of the verbal lexeme LIKE, liked and likes are still verbs, and they are semantically identical.

动词词LIKE两个词形liked和likes仍然是动词，它们在语义上是相同。

Thirdly, inflection never changes the category of the base lexeme, while derivation often involves the shifting of the category.

第三，屈折从不改变基础词词类，而生通常涉及词类转换。

For example, when the verb construct is combined with the suffix -ion, a new word (or, more precisely, a new lexeme), construction is formed.

例如，当动词construct后缀-ion结合时，就形成了一个新词（或更准确地说，一个新词）construction。

Synthetic compounds are of this type: as we have introduced above, the first sub-lexeme is taken as the patient of the verbal lexeme.

合成性复合词就是这样类型：正如我们上面介绍，第一个子词被视为动词词受事。

In addition to the aforementioned strategies, there are some less common processes that can bring forth new lexemes in a language.

除了前述策略外，还有一些不太常见过程可以在语言中产生新词。

That in the process of derivation some words can be formed without changing the category of the base lexeme indicates that some derivational affixes do not have any categorial (grammatical) information.

生过程中有些词形成不改变基础词词类表明，有些生词缀没有任何词类（语法）信息。

It should be noted that many categorisers are semantically vacuous, the only function of which is to change the category of the base lexeme.

值得注意是，许多词类标记在语义上是空，其唯一功能是改变基础词词类。

Finally, inflection never changes the meaning of the base lexeme, while a word formed via derivation can be semantically different from the base lexeme.

最后，屈折从不改变基础词意义，而通过生形成词在语义上可能基础词不同。

Most of the above derivational processes involve the change of the category of the base lexeme, and thus this process is also called categorisation.

上述大多数生过程涉及基础词类别变化，因此这个过程也被称为词类化。

Blending is another way of forming a new lexeme, which is a process of combining parts of two lexemes which themselves are not morphemes.

混合是另一种形成新词方式，它是一个组合两个词部分过程，这些部分本身不是语素。