Well, traditionally, banks themselves get to say how risky their loans and securities investments are.

传统上，银行自己可以说他们的贷款和资的风险有多大。

Have recent times shown they need, these investors, the same kind of protections that other investors in, say, securities would want?

最近的情况是否表明，这些资者需要与其他资者(比如资者)受到同样的保护?

At the age of 22, he registered his business, Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities.

22 岁时，他注册了自己的公司，伯纳德·麦道夫资公司。

At the same time, credit ratings agencies were telling investors these mortgage backed-securities were safe investments.

与此同时，信用评级机构也在告诉资者这些抵押贷款支持是安全资。

The data show that America's banks in aggregate have more than $500bn in such losses on their securities portfolios.

显示，美国银行在其资组合中的此类损失总计超 5000 亿美元。

For finance, we have Samsung life insurance, securities, investment trust management, venture investment.

金融方面，我们有三星寿保险、、资信托管理、风险资。

The European Investment Bank could also ease credit by taking a “first-loss” position in SME-backed securities.

同时，在中小型企业支撑的中，欧洲资银行也可以有损失时首当其冲，从而放松信贷。

And so the investment strategy makes it much harder to be invested in, you know, long-term securities, right?

因此，这种资策略使得资长期变得更加困难，对吗？

By the end of last month, the newly established Beijing Stock Exchange had more than 4.8 million qualified accounts.

截至2022年1月底，新成立的北京交易所资者量超480万户。

And then you also have any bank which has more longer-dated securities investments that they've made around, you know, longer-dated US treasuries and things like that.

然后银行还有更多的长期资，长期美国国债之类的东西。

A 2011 survey by Coller Capital, a private-equity investor, found that half the industry's backers have at least one zombie-run fund in their portfolio.

2011年私募资者Coller Capital进行的调查发现，半产业的赞助者在他们的资组合中至少拥有一支停滞的基金。

There were generally a few rioters around but they never came into the library so it was a good place to work.

饭后我会去楼上的资料室，聚精会神地研究一小时的资和。

During the 2008 financial crisis, risky or subprime mortgages were often grouped together and sold to investors as a mortgage-backed security.

2008 年金融危机期间，高风险抵押贷款或次级抵押贷款经常被组合在一起，作为抵押贷款支持出售给资者。

Vision Capital, based in London, specialises in buying entire portfolios of companies previously owned by private-equity firms, thereby taking over the assets of a zombie fund.

总部在伦敦的Vision Capital专注于购买之前私募股权公司拥有的整个公司的资组合，因此接手僵尸基金资产。

ASIC has been called out for its ineffectiveness since the early 1990s, complains Allan Fels, a former chairman of the competition commission. What's different now?

“自20世纪90年代开始，澳大利亚和资委员会就因其效率低下而被召集，”竞争委员会前主席艾伦·菲尔斯抱怨称。“现在又有什么不同呢？”

In 2015 American money-market funds were liberated from having to use credit ratings as their only metric for deciding whether to invest in securities.

2015年，美国货币市场基金不再需要使用信用评级作为决定是否资的唯一指标。

Rather than paying out money with no prospect of a return, investors would far rather see the underlying portfolio companies sold, even at a loss, and the fund wound up.

与其为无回报的前景花费，资者更倾向于潜在的资组合公司，即便是亏本的，这样基金上涨。

Almost all the employees in his brokerage firm, Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities, were kept out of that part, and had no idea what went on inside.

他的经纪公司伯纳德·L·麦道夫资公司的几乎所有员工都不准出入他的办公室，也不知道里面发生了什么。

(Laughter) My side is that cryptocurrencies are not investment securities and they should not be regulated by financial regulators in the United States or anywhere else.

（笑声）我的观点是，加密货币不是资，它们不应受到美国或其他任何地方的金融监管机构的监管。

Although flows of portfolio investment in and out of Japan-money entering and leaving stocks, bonds and other securities-are volatile, direct investment is clearly going in one direction: out of the country.

尽管进出日本的资资金流（进出股票、债和其他的资金）波动不定，但直接资显然只有一个方向：流出日本。