Usually, pyelonephritis from hematogenous spread is a consequence of septicemia or bacteremia - which is bacteria in the blood - as well as infective endocarditis, an infection of the inner layer of the heart.

常情况下，过血液传播的肾炎是由于败血症或菌血症（即细菌入血）或感染性心内炎（即心内受感染）。

When this happens, the infection is first blocked by local lymph glands. For example, an infection in the hand travels up the arm, producing red streaks and swollen, tender lymph glands in the armpit.

如果不及时控制住感染的蔓延，将会导致菌血症。

In people with blood vessel catheters, the bacteria can be inoculated directly into the bloodstream, which leads to a bloodstream infection called bacteremia, and from there it can spread to the heart, causing endocarditis, or to the brain, causing meningitis.

于应用血管内导管的病人，细菌可以直接血行播散，形成菌血症，可以播散到心脏引起心内炎，或者感染大脑引起脑炎。