Grainstones are the main part of the section, among which the oolites, intraclast limestones and most bioclast limestones are cemented by sparry calcite.
A series of laboratory cementing experiments on the total tailings from a gold mine in Shandong Province were conducted by use of ordinary cement and polyhydrate material as binding materials.
The results indicated that the polyhydrate binding material can produce higher binding strength under lower dosage compared with the ordinary cement, so it is applied to cement total gold tailings.
This rock contained chalcedonic cement before it underwent diagenesis, a process where low temperatures and low pressures alter the content of sediments before they finally lithify, or turn into rock.
The material, which includes spherical, ellipsoidal, and dumbbell-shaped glass beads as well as colloidal items with a porous structure and sputtering material in fluid form, have also been found.
It seems that iron is the paleontologist's friend so any kind of iron cementation, iron stone cementation, so siderite, iron carbonate helps to preserve structures within sediment.
And when this was a level ocean floor, the shells of clams and crustaceans and things settled down over the millennia and formed a cemented layer, which is called a hard-pan layer.