Insulin is used to reduce blood glucose levels, and glucagon is used to increase blood glucose levels.

胰岛用来降低血糖水平，而胰高血糖用来提高血糖水平。

Both drugs belong to a class of medicines called GLP-1 receptor agonists.

这两种药物都属于一类被称为胰高血糖样肽-1受体激动剂的药物。

And the pancreas regulates your blood sugar by releasing two different hormones — insulin and glucagon.

胰腺通过释放两种不同的激来调节你的血糖——胰岛和胰高血糖。

The FDA has also recently approved intranasal glucagon as a treatment for severe hypoglycemia.

美国食品药品监督管理局最近也批准了胰高血糖剂。

So when you eat food, your pancreas produces a hormone called GLP-1.

当你吃东西时，胰腺会产生叫作“GLP-1（胰高血糖样肽-1）”的激。

A decrease in glucose stimulates alpha cells in the pancreas to release insulin's nemesis, the hormone glucagon.

葡萄糖的减少刺激胰腺中的α细胞释放胰岛的克星——荷尔蒙胰高血糖。

In states of stress, like an infection, the body releases epinephrine, which in turn stimulates the release of glucagon.

在压力状态下，比如发生感染时，身体会产生肾上腺，从而刺激胰高血糖的释放。

The pancreas also secretes insulin and glucagon.

胰腺还分泌胰岛和胰高血糖。

Survodutide targets receptors for GLP-1 and glucagon.

Survodutide 的靶点是 GLP-1 和胰高血糖受体。

And my study of the brain led me to Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, or GLP-1 for short.

我对大脑的研究让我想到了胰高血糖样肽 1，简称 GLP-1。

Alright, as a quick recap, your pancreas produces both hormones for the endocrine system and digestive enzymes for the exocrine system.

好！快速回顾下：胰腺产生内分泌系统所需的2种激胰岛和胰高血糖，以及外分泌系统所需的消化酶。

For example, the amount of glucose in the blood controls the secretion of insulin and glucagons via negative feedback.

例如，血液中的葡萄糖量通过负反馈控制胰岛和胰高血糖的分泌。

Insulin is secreted by beta cells in the center of the islets, and glucagon is secreted by alpha cells in the periphery of the islets.

胰岛由胰岛中间的β细胞分泌，而胰高血糖由胰岛外周的α细胞分泌。

DPP4 can degrade the host's glucagon and contribute to compromising glucose homeostasis, as indicated in the study published in Science on August 4.

8 月 4 日发表在《》杂志上的研究表明，DPP4 可以降解宿主的胰高血糖，并有助于损害葡萄糖稳态。

In general, the body controls how much glucose is in the blood relative to how much gets into the cells with two hormones: insulin and glucagon.

通常，人体用两种激来控制血液和细胞里的葡萄糖比例：胰岛与胰高血糖。

With such a long fast, hormones such as glucagon and epinephrine are released to increase blood glucose levels and more importantly, break down more fat.

如此长时间的禁食，血液中诸如胰高血糖和肾上腺等激水平会升高，以增长血糖值，更重要的是它们可以分解更多脂肪。

Those are the pancreatic cells that produce hormones such as insulin and glucagon and that are attacked by the immune system in type 1 diabetes patients.

这些是产生胰岛和胰高血糖等激的胰腺细胞，在 1 型糖尿病患者中会被免疫系统攻击。

GLP-1 increases the production of insulin (a hormone that lowers blood-sugar levels) and reduces the production of glucagon (which increases blood-sugar levels).

GLP-1 可增加胰岛（一种降低血糖水平的激）的产生，并减少胰高血糖（一种升高血糖水平的激）的产生。

Since the late 1980s scientists believed that a gut hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is secreted by the intestines after a meal, could help treat diabetes.

自 1980 年代后期以来， 家们认为， 一种叫做胰高血糖样肽-1 （GLP-1） 的肠道激可以帮助治疗糖尿病，这种激是肠道在饭后分泌的。

Or if there is an increase in insulin, if blood glucose isn't dropping, then there must be a corresponding increase in glucagon, which is basically offsetting all of insulin's issues.

或者如果胰岛增加， 如果血糖没有下降，那么胰高血糖就必须相应增加，这基本上抵消了胰岛的所有问题。