The amnio results should put your mind at ease.

羊穿刺术的结果应该可以令你放心了。

So I got the results of the amnio today.

羊刺穿术的结果今天出来了。

Amniotes with one temporal fenestrae are called synapsids.

具有一个颞孔的羊物称为突触。

And amniotes with two temporal fenestrae are called diapsids.

具有两个颞孔的羊物被称为双孔物。

Their amnio caused these birth defects.

他们的羊刺穿术导致胎儿先天缺陷。

Now, there are different types of amniotic eggs.

现在，有不同类型的羊卵。

In more serious cases, amniocentesis, where a sample is taken directly from the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus, can be performed.

在严重的情况下，需行羊穿刺术，即直接从胎儿周围的羊囊穿刺取样检查。

Some reptiles continued laying eggs like those of early amniotes, which were soft and leathery, like turtles still do today.

一些爬行物继续像早期的羊物那样产卵，这些卵柔软而坚韧， 就像今天的海龟一样。

Like sauropsids, early synapsids probably laid primitive amniote eggs with flexible shells, but there's no fossil evidence of their eggs either.

像蜥脚类物一样， 早期的合弓类物可能会产下带有柔软外壳的原始羊物卵，但也没有关于它们卵的化石证据。

So the initial 30% of the history of the amniote egg unfolded without leaving a trace.

因此，羊卵的最初 30% 的历史展开得无影无踪。

It's just kind of part of the normal fluid that surrounds the body in the, in the amniotic sac and stuff like that.

它只是包围身体的正常液体的一部分，在羊囊之类的东西中。

They saved those animals known as amniotes from extinction and may have set the stage for their invasion of dry land.

他们拯救了那些被称为羊物的物免于灭绝，并可能为它们入侵旱奠定了基础。

Because, eggs, especially soft-shelled, leathery eggs like we'd expect to see in early amniotes, don't fossilize well.

因为，蛋，尤其是我们期望在早期羊物中看到的软壳革质蛋，不能很好变成化石。

But on an increasingly dry planet, that gave amniotes a critical advantage.

但在一个日益干燥的星上，这给了羊物一个关键的优势。

Aquatic temnospondyls managed to hang on for tens of millions of years by sticking to watery habitats and avoiding the amniotes on land.

水生突椎物通过坚持水生栖息并避开陆上的羊物，成功生存了数千万年。

By the time this catastrophe occurred, most lineages of temnospondyls had already gone extinct, under pressure from the amniotes.

到这场灾难发生时，在羊物的压力下，大多数突椎物的谱系已经灭绝。

So mutations may have changed how the pieces of the amniotic egg were used, leaving mammals with an entirely new reproductive strategy as a result.

因此， 突变可能改变了羊卵碎片的使用方式，从而使哺乳物拥有全新的繁殖策略。

So by digging into the genomes of these living amniotes, we can start to tell the story of how and when the egg came first.

因此， 通过深入研究这些活羊物的基因组，我们可以开始讲述卵是如何以及何时首先出现的。

Some of our earliest fossil records of amniote eggs are from dinosaurs like Mussaurus patagonicus, which lived around 215 million years in Argentina.

我们最早的一些羊卵化石记录来自恐龙， 例如巴塔哥尼鼠龙，它们在阿根廷生活了大约 2.15 亿年。

Since reptiles, mammals, and birds are all amniotes, amniote eggs must have existed in their last common ancestor, the first true amniote.

由于爬行物、哺乳物和鸟类都是羊物，羊卵一定存在于它们最后的共同祖先，即第一个真正的羊物中。