In one way cytologist do that is by looking at blood samples.

细胞学家的一种研究方法就是观察血液样本。

At the cellular level, leukoplakia typically shows a thickened keratin layer.

从细胞学层面看，口腔黏膜白斑的典型表现是增厚的角质层。

Time for The Shoutout. Cytology is the study of what? You know what to do.

又到了大喊答题。细胞学是研究什的学科? 你知道该。

A cytologist studies living cells, and may focus on those that cause disease. That's your answer and that's your shoutout.

细胞学家研究的是活细胞，并且关注某些引起病变的细胞。你回答对了吗？这就是本期的大喊答题。

Cytology is the microscopic study of individual cells.

细胞学是对个体细胞的微观研究。

Soon after, cytologists (cell biologists) proposed that chromosomes were the hereditary material.

不久之后，细胞学家（细胞生物学家）提出染色体是遗传物质。

These studies give one an appreciation for the design and balance of the human body and for living organisms in general.

解剖学是对人体结构的研究；生理学是对人体功能的研究；其他人体验就包括细胞学，组织学，胚胎学，免疫学，内分泌学，血液学，生物学，心理学等。

Finally, a biopsy of the swelling, or a fine needle aspiration and cytology, where fluid from the swelling is taken, may be done to confirm the diagnosis.

最终，肿块的活检，即细针穿刺和肿物液体的细胞学检查，可被用于确诊。

Basic sciences of medicine. Anatomy is the study of the physical structure of organisms. In contrast to gross or macroscopic anatomy, cytology and histology are concerned with microscopic structures.

基础医学，解剖学是研究有机体生理结构的学科，与大体解剖学相反，细胞学和组织学与微观结构相关。