Osmosis out of a cell can cause big changes.

外的渗透作会引起很大的变化。

The cell's nuclear DNA creates all but 13 of these proteins.

除了 13 种蛋白质外，的核 DNA 都产生这些蛋白质。

The bacteria grow wire-like protein strands all over the outside of their cells.

菌它们的外部长出线状蛋白质链。

Instead, endocrine glands secrete their hormones directly into the surrounding extracellular space.

相反，内分泌腺直接将激素分泌到周围的外间隙。

Okay, let's say there are more oxygen molecules outside a cell than inside.

好的，假设外的氧分子比内的多。

21. I mean that's happening here too, but adsorption means binding to the outer surface of the cell.

我是说，这个过程也这里发生，但是吸附指的是黏的外表面。

These electrodes are used to make 12 leads, each of which illustrates the movement of positive charge on the outside of heart cells.

这些电极可以作记录12导联心电图，每个导联都出心脏外的正电荷活动。

If we unpause this, then everything becomes depolarized, and since there's no difference in charge, now, there's no dipole, and so no deflection.

如果我们这时将其“解冻”，那么所有都被去极化了，由于外的电荷没有变化，所以没有双极子，（心电图）上也就不存任何波形（呈一条直线）。

Both of these mechanisms lead to increased potassium in the fluid outside of cells which quickly makes it into the blood and causes hyperkalemia.

上述两种机制都会造成外的钾离子增加，而钾离子很快进入血液，造成高钾血症。

Let's start with the cell wall which is found on the outer surface of the cell membrane and its most important role is to protect the bacteria.

我们从位于膜外表面的壁开始学习，它最重要的作是保护菌体。

In order for our cells to work properly, systems had to develop that could regulate the concentration of salt and other components of our blood and extracellular fluid.

为了使人体正常工作，身体内的各个系统必须够调节盐以及血液和外液体其他成分的浓度。

This is a material, made mostly of the protein collagen, that’s found outside of cells and provides a sort of support framework for growing tissue.

这是一种主要由胶原蛋白制成的材料，存于外，为生长的组织提供一种支持框架。

This causes intracellular carbon dioxide to freely diffuse out of the cell, raising the cellular pH which stimulates glycolysis, a metabolic process that requires a lot of phosphate.

这会导致内CO2自由扩散到外，提高的pH值，激发糖酵解，一个需要大量磷酸盐的代谢过程。

This city inside a cell has departments that share information, factories that build proteins, and even machinery to move those proteins around inside a cell and release them outside the cell.

内的这座城市有分享信息的部门，有制造蛋白质的工厂，甚至还有内移动这些蛋白质并将其释放到外的机制。

A virus in the extracellular state is called a virion and consists of a protein coat called a capsid which protects the viral genome and aids in its transfer between host cells.

处于外状态的病毒称为病毒粒子有称为" 衣壳" 的蛋白质外壳；衣壳保护着病毒基因组，并协助病毒宿主间传播。

Dopamine is then loaded into synaptic vesicles and released by physiological stimuli into the extracellular space where it can bind to dopamine receptors that are expressed on the postsynaptic neuron.

多巴胺随后被装入突触囊泡，并通过生理刺激释放到大脑中与多巴胺受体结合的外空间突触后神经元。

It's been found that dolphin brains are comprised chiefly of fatty cells, which serve as a protective barrier between the systemic blood and the extracellular environment of the central nervous system.

已经发现， 海豚的大脑主要由脂肪组成，脂肪是全身血液和中枢神经系统外环境之间的保护屏障。

This city inside a cell has departments that share information, factories that build proteins, and even machinery to move those proteins around inside a cell and release them outside the cell.

霍尔：这个内的城市有共享信息的部门、制造蛋白质的工厂，甚至还有将这些蛋白质内移动并将它们释放到外的机器。

Of the remaining phosphate, a tiny amount is extracellular, or outside cells like in the blood, so this is the bit that gets measured, and the majority is intracellular, or inside cells, where it does all sorts of things.

游离磷酸盐中的一部分外液，即外，如血液内，这是外被测量的磷酸盐；但大多数是内的，它内做各种各样的事。

Of the remaining phosphate, a tiny amount is extracellular, or outside the cells like in the blood, so this is the bit that gets measured, and the majority is intracellular, or inside cells, where it does all sorts of things.

剩下的磷酸盐中，极小部分外的，比如血液中的，是可以被检测的，而大多数磷酸盐内；内的磷酸盐有着各种各样的功。