They also have connections to neurons in the basal ganglia, the reward center of the brain.

它们还与基底神的神元有联系，基底神是大脑的奖赏中枢。

A scan of the basal ganglia shows it's working furiously throughout the whole process.

对基底神的扫描显示，它在整个过程中都在疯狂地工作。

This enzyme normally breaks down a lipid called GM2 ganglioside.

HEX-A正常情况下能降解一种叫做GM2神脂的脂质。

Another difference between these two foils? Their ganglia.

这两种“陪衬”的另一个区别是它们的神。

Those signals flow all the way to their ganglia.

这些信号一直流向他们的神。

Your body's internal clock, or circadian rhythm, is regulated by a type of neuron in your eyes called ganglion cells.

你体内的生物钟或昼夜律由眼睛中一种称为神胞的神元调。

They basically monitor our thoughts, sensations and actions and they determine which actions we should perform next.

基底神主要监控我们的思想、感觉和行为，并决我们下一步应该做什么。

Or possibly even implanted electrodes that modulate activity in particular parts of the basal ganglia circuit.

或者甚至植入电极来调基底神回路分的活动。

In octopuses, around two-thirds of the neurons are actually found in the arms themselves, and these are localised into small brains called ganglia.

在章鱼身上，约有三分之二的神元是在腕足上，这些神元局存在于被称为神的次大脑中。

But where these ganglia appear relate to their function, and which division of the autonomic system they're serving.

但是这些神出现的地方与它们的功能有关，以及它们服务于自主神系统的哪个门。

Many insect activities, like walking or breathing, are coordinated by clusters of neurons, also known as ganglia, along their bodies.

许多昆虫活动，如行走或呼吸，都是由沿着它们身体的神元簇（也称为神）协调的。

The researchers hypothesize that there may be some process in the scallop's ganglion that combines this information overload into a single cohesive image.

研究人员假设扇贝的神中可能有一些过程将这种信息过载组合成一个单一的凝聚力图像。

The ultimate goal is to come up with precisely targeted treatments like drugs that tweak the activity of the basal ganglia without inducing serious side effects.

最终的目标是找到精确的靶向治疗方法，比如可以在不引发严重副作用的情况下调整基底神活动的药物。

When the signals reach the synapses inside the ganglia, the nerve fibers then release a neurotransmitter — called acetylcholine, known to its friends as ACh.

当信号到达神内的突触时，神纤维会释放一种神递质——乙酰胆碱，朋友们称之为 ACh。

But instead of being centralized in the brain, these 500 million neurons are spread out in a network of interconnected ganglia organized into three basic structures.

但不同于中心化的大脑，这5亿神元分散在互联的神网络中并组织成三种基本结构。

Our brains can detect light through a photoreceptor in the ganglion cell layer of the retina, which is different from the rods and cones we use to see.

我们的大脑可以通过视网膜神胞层中的光感受器检测光线，这与我们过去看到的视杆胞和视锥胞不同。

In addition to nerve fibers that lead to ganglia and then your effectors, there's also a set leaving the spinal cord that goes directly to your adrenal glands.

除了通向神和效应器的神纤维，还有一组离开脊髓直接进入肾上腺。

Guenther says he'd like to combine his model with imaging studies that show the basal ganglia in action to see whether his predicted mechanisms play a role in people who stutter.

冈瑟表示，他想把他的模型与显示基底神活动的成像研究结合起来，看看他所预测的机制是否对口吃者起作用。

That light hits your posterior retina and spreads from the photoreceptors to the bipolar cells just beneath them, to the innermost ganglion cells, where they then generate action potentials.

光线到达你的后视网膜，从光感受器扩散到它们下面的双极胞，再扩散到最里面的神胞，然后在那里它们产生动作电位。

Their ganglia, for example, are located in different places: The sympathetic ganglia are located near the spinal cord, while on the parasympathetic side, they're close to the effectors.

例如，它们的神位于不同的位置：交感神位于脊髓附近，而副交感神则靠近效应器。