As the filtrate leaves the Bowman's capsule it flows into the renal tubule, which is surrounded by the peritubular capillaries.

液离开肾小囊后流入肾小管，后者被管周毛细血管网包围。

Ultimately the filtrate is turned into urine and is excreted from the kidney through the ureter, into the bladder, and peed away.

最终液变成尿液，通过输尿管从肾脏排出，进入膀胱，再尿出。

Unless we find ways to stop it, leachate can sink into the drinking water we get from the ground.

除非我们找到阻止渗液的方法，否则渗液可能会渗入我们从地下获取的饮用水中。

So there's five main buffers in the blood and in the kidney filtrate that the body can use to buffer hydrogen ions.

所以血液和肾脏液中有五个主要的缓冲剂，身体可以用来缓冲氢离子。

This reabsorption process allows water to pass from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulatory system.

这再吸收过程使水从肾小球液进入循环系统。

Like lining the bottom of landfills with a thick plastic shield so leachate doesn't leak into our water.

就像在垃圾填埋场的底部铺上厚厚的塑料罩一样，这样渗液就不会泄漏到我们的水中。

So in the final steps, after the filtrate leaves the DCT, it enters the collecting duct, which runs back into the medulla.

所以在最后一步，液离开 DCT 后，进入收集管，收集管又回到髓质。

Plus, if all that garbage isn't buried right, rainwater can mix with the garbage causing a gooey substance called leachate to form.

另外，如果所有垃圾没有正确掩埋，雨水就会与垃圾混合， 形成一称为渗液的粘性物质。

The remaining filtrate passes from the PCT into the loop of Henle, which starts in the cortex, then dips into the medulla before coming back into the cortex.

剩余的液从 PCT 进入 亨利氏袢，从皮层开始，然后浸入髓质，然后返回皮层。

As we move out of the loop of Henle, into the distal convoluted tubule, and on to the collecting duct, the remaining filtrate is now officially urine.

当我们离开亨利氏袢，进入远端卷曲的小管，到达收集管时，剩余的液现在正式成为尿液。

Now, all the stuff that get squeezed out of the blood into the glomerulus is called filtrate, which is then sent along to the elaborately twisting three-centimeter-long renal tubule.

现在，所有从血液中挤出进入肾小球的物质被称为液，然后被送到精心扭曲的三厘米长肾小管。

These cells also are covered in microvilli that increase their surface area and help re-absorb much of the good stuff from the filtrate and back into the blood.

这些细胞也被微绒毛覆盖，增加了它们的表面积，有助于从液中重新吸收大部分有益物质并回到血液中。

Sometimes fluid or electrolytes can move back from the filtrate into the blood - called reabsorption, and sometimes more fluid or electrolytes can move from the blood to the fitrate - called secretion.

有时液体或电解质能从液回到血液中，被称为重吸收；有时更多液体或电解质从血液流入液，称之为分泌。

The glomerular filtrate is not the same consistency as urine, as much of it is reabsorbed into the blood as the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron.

肾小球液与尿液的浓度不同，当液通过肾小管时，大部分被重新吸收到血液中。

They use it to ramp up the concentration gradient earlier in the process, making the medulla even saltier for the filtrate that's back there going through the ascending limb.

在这个过程的早期，他们用它来提高浓度梯度，使髓质对穿过上升肢体的液更咸。

The walls here are made of cuboidal epithelial cells, with big ol' mitochondria that make ATP, to power pumps that pull lots of sodium ions from the filtrate, using active transport.

这里的壁由立方上皮细胞组成，有巨大的线粒体制造三磷酸腺苷，通过主动运输为从液中提取大量钠离子的泵提供动力。

But here's a problem: Your kidneys can only handle so much filtrate at a time, so they have to maintain a constant rate of flow inside of them.

你的肾脏一次只能处这么多液，所以它们必须保持体内恒定的流速。

Blood gets into the kidney through the renal artery, into tiny clumps of arterioles called glomeruli where it's initially filtered, with the filtrate, the stuff filtered out, moving into the renal tubule.

血液通过肾动脉流入肾脏，一旦入肾，便进入一小团小动脉，即肾小球，开始过；液过出来，进入肾小管。

But in the parts of the nephron that reabsorb water, like the descending limb of the loop of Henle, water has to move easily through cells, from the filtrate to the blood.

但是在肾单位重新吸收水的部分，比如亨利袢的下降部分，水必须很容易地通过细胞，从液到血液。

This is possible because of special protein channels in their membranes called aquaporins that are on both the apical, or filtrate-facing side, and the basal, or capillary-facing side of the cells.

这是可能的，因为它们的膜中称为水通道蛋白的特殊蛋白质通道位于细胞的顶端或面向液的一侧，以及基底或面向毛细血管的一侧。