So, for every valley there is a peak, and for every peak, a valley.

对应原声波的波谷，新声波会有一个波，而对应其波，新声波会有一个波谷。

See, sound waves, like light waves, have peaks and valleys.

声波跟光波一样，有波和波谷。

They have a trough and a crest, and consist not of moving water, but the movement of energy through water.

它们有波谷和波，并不是流动的水，而是水的动。

When one wave's peak met another's trough, though, the light's intensity would fall.

然而，当一个波的波遇到另一个波的波谷，光的强度就会下降。

That is to say, the crests of one set of waves may coincide with the troughs of the other set.

也就是说，一组波的波与另一组波的波谷重合。

So the wave is basically a peak that moves from being a crest to a trough and vice versa

所以波浪是一个，它从存在改变 顶点到波谷，反之亦然。

But waves interfere DEstructively when one wave's crest run into the other wave's trough, and vice versa.

但是当一个波的波碰到另一波的波谷，波会破坏性地干扰，反之亦然。

Waves interfere constructively when the crests of both waves end up in the same spot, and so do their troughs.

当两个波的波最终在同一个位置，波会产生建设性的干扰，它们的波谷也是如此。

These pressure variations can be modeled by a sine wave, where the peaks represent increased pressure and the troughs represent decreased pressure.

这些压力变化以通过正弦波建模，其中波代表压力增加而波谷代表压力降低。

If the peak of one ripple hits the valley of a  second ripple, they will subtract each other, producing a flat surface.

如果一个波纹的波碰到第二个波纹的波谷，它们会相互抵消，产生一个平坦的表面。

Sometimes the peaks line up to produce a louder sound, and when a peak lines up with a trough, they cancel out.

有波排列在一起会产生更大的声音，而当波与波谷排列在一起，它们就会抵消。

Change it enough, and you'll reach a point where the crests match the valleys, making the waves cancel each other out — that's destructive interference.

改变得够多，就会达到某个点，让波对上波谷，让波彼此抵消——那就是相消（破坏性）干涉。

The light that the cascade produced is of the same wavelength, with the peaks and troughs of the light waves fluctuating in unison.

级联产生的光具有相同的波长，光波的波和波谷一致波动。

So the crests of different light waves combine, and so do the troughs, forming one wave with a higher amplitude.

所以不同光波的波结合，波谷也结合，形成一个振幅更高的波。

Crest to trough a single such wave could take more than a decade to pass through our solar system, despite moving at the speed of light.

从波到波谷——尽管以光速来移动，单个引力波要用十多年才穿过我们的太阳系。

However, phase shifting would be seen as breaking up the waves' locations of the peaks and the troughs within a set of wavelengths.

然而，相移会被视为破坏一组波长内的波和波谷的位置。

We can look at the spacing between the ripple crests as well as the amplitude or the height from the crest to the trough.

我们以观察波之间的间距以及波到波谷的幅度或高度。

And when a wave is out of phase by 180 degrees, it's destructive, with the crests and troughs cancelling each other out.

当波相位相差 180 度，它具有破坏性，波和波谷相互抵消。

When the waves are an exact number of wavelengths apart, the crests and troughs will line up – creating constructive interference and a bright line.

当波相隔一定数的波长，波和波谷将对齐——产生相长干涉和一条亮线。

A fixed end will invert the wave -- turning crests into troughs, and vice versa -- while a loose end will just reflect it without inverting it.

固定端会反转波——将波变成波谷，反之亦然——而松散端只会反射它而不反转它。