This let us make the lightest weight high modulus material.

这让我们能够制造出重量最轻高模量材料。

This material property is known  as a high elastic modulus - while stretchier rubber would have a low modulus.

这种材料称为高弹模量，而弹橡胶则具有低模量。

The higher Young’s modulus is, for a certain material, the less ELASTIC it is.

对于某种材料， 杨氏模量越高， 弹越小。

That’s why engineers use something called Young’s modulus.

这就是为什么工程师使用一种叫做杨氏模量东西。

The coefficient of subgrade modulus is improved to incorporate vertical bearing soil-spring.

提高了路基模量系数，以纳入垂直支座土壤弹簧。

The higher Young's modulus is, for a certain material, the less ELASTIC it is.

杨氏模量越高 对于给定材料，其弹会降低。

That's why engineers use something called Young's modulus.

所以工程师使用了一个不同东西，叫做： 杨氏模量。

The higher its shear modulus, the less the object will deform.

随着剪切模量增加， 元件变形能力降低了。

Ht denotes the depth of the tunnel axis to ground surface, Es denotes the ground elastic modulus.

Ht 表示隧道轴线到地表，Es 表示地层弹模量。

The weighted average of the elastic modulus (Es) and the Poisson's ratio (vs) are taken as 35 MPa and 0.27, respectively.

弹模量 （Es） 和泊松比 （vs） 加权平均值分别为 35 MPa 和 0.27。

It's easy to increase the elastic  modulus by adding rigid particles, but what's harder is stopping stiff  rubber cracking under repeated stress.

通过添加刚颗粒来增加弹模量很容易，但更难是阻止刚橡胶在重复应力下开裂。

E denotes Young's modulus of the segmental ring, I is theareamomentofinertiaofthetunnelcross-section, G is the shear modulus, A is the tunnel cross-sectional area.

E 表示节段环杨氏模量，I 是隧道横截面惯面积矩，G 是剪切模量，A 是隧道横截面积。

Consequently, this paper recommends a simplified approach to calculate the coefficient of subgrade modulus (k), as shown in Equation (25).

因此，本文推荐了一种简化方法来计算路基模量系数 （k），如公式 （25） 所示。

Finally, some materials are more resistant to changes in volume -- and that stiffness is measured by the bulk modulus, represented by a capital-B.

最后，一些材料更能抵抗体积变化——这种刚是通过体积模量来衡量，用大写字母 B 表示。

This solution performs well in evaluating the coefficient of subgrade modulus (k) at any buried depth, particularly for relatively shallowly buried shield tunnels.

该解决方案在评估任何埋处路基模量系数 （k） 方面表现良好，别是对于相对较浅埋设盾构隧道。

The Coefficient of the Subgrade Modulus The stiffness coefficient of the shear layer Gc is an important parameter in Pasternak's two-parameter model.

路基模量系数 剪切层刚系数 Gc 是 Pasternak 双参数模型中一个重要参数。

This indicates that the Vesic foundation reaction modulus expression indeed underestimates the relative stiffness of the tunnel soil and thus overestimates the tunnel settlement.

这表明 Vesic 地基反作用模量表达式确实低估了隧道土体相对刚，从而高估了隧道沉降。

This model incorporates an improved subgrade modulus and treats each segmental ring as a Timoshenko short beam, with each circumferential joint modeled by two mechanical springs.

该模型采用了改进路基模量，并将每个节段环视为一个 Timoshenko 短梁，每个圆周接头由两个机械弹簧建模。