Metaphors are primarily aesthetic pieces of ontology in the simplest sense of that term.

隐喻主要是本论的美学作品， 从最简单的意义上讲。

His argument against the ontological proof is that it is all a verbal exercise.

他反对本论证明的论点是，都是一口头练习。

The revelation is a deeply consequential one, changing the ontological foundation of our perception of the world and our place within it.

示是深远的，改变了我们对世界及我们在其中位置的本论基础。

I would therefore like to present a few of their foundational assertions before setting out my ontological argument.

因此，在阐述我的本论论点之前， 我想先介绍一下他们的一些基本主张。

Playing a crucial role in furnishing and shaping the world, these reconstructions – instances of the medium of metaphor – are ontological in essence.

些重构在布置和塑造世界方面发挥至关重要的作用，些重构——隐喻媒介的实例——本质上是本论的。

In addition to this argument from causation, by which he proved the existence of God, Descartes, following Anselm, offered his version of the Ontological Argument.

除了个证明上帝存在的因果论证之外，笛卡尔还追随安瑟伦，提出了他版本的本论论证。

They establish an informative and instructive externalist theoretical infrastructure of the perceptual-sensuous stratum of the metaphorical medium, which is internally linked to its ontological character.

他们为隐喻媒介的知觉-感性层建立了一个信息丰富且具有指导意义的外部主义理论基础设施，与它的本论特征有在的联系。

The theories that may lead us towards an ontological characterization of metaphors are mainly, and naturally, the visualist-formalist theories that were formulated in the late 1960s and onwards.

可能引导我们走向隐喻本论特征的理论，主要是，自然而然地， 是在 1960 年代后期及以后形成的视觉主义-形式主义理论。

The specific kind of metaphorical predication, or endowment of transfigurative properties, causes modifications of categories, of ontological-real categories: those that are prior to any sort of understanding.

5. 特定类型的隐喻谓词，或变形属性的赋予，导致了范畴的修改，本论-真实范畴的修改：那些先于任何一理解的范畴。

Again, Descartes used this to illustrate his  process of doubting empirical and ontological beliefs, but the same thought process can also  be applied when considering how we should spend our time.

再次， 笛卡尔用它来说明他怀疑经验和本论信仰的过程，但同样的思维过程也可以应用于考虑我们应该如何度过我们的时间。

But if subtleties and sophisms composed the greater part of the metaphysics or pneumatics of the schools, they composed the whole of this cobweb science of ontology, which was likewise sometimes called metaphysics.

但是，如果说微妙和诡辩构成了形而上学或流派的风力学的大部分，那么它们就构成了整个本论的蛛网科学，它有时也被称为形而上学。

This reduces philosophy to the act of violence, what she calls " using the stick." 1 Rather, what is being offered by Gorgias in his undermining of any and all ontologies is a logology.

将哲学简化为暴力行为，她称之为“使用棍子” 。1 相反，高尔吉亚在他对任何和所有本论的破坏中所提供的是逻辑学。

In his magnus opus Being and Time, Heidegger carries out his fundamental ontology by introducing the notion of 'Dasein', or 'being-there'; the distinctive mode of Being particular to humans, the beings for whom being matters.

在他的巨著《存在与时间》中，海德格尔通过引入“此在”或“在那里”的概念来实现他的基本本论；人类特有的存在模式，对人类来说存在很重要。

Moreover, the lack of ontological discussion of metaphors does not reflect the nature of the medium of metaphor itself, which clearly has a bearing both on ontological categories and on specific objects or phenomena.

此外，缺乏对隐喻的本论讨论并不能反映隐喻媒介本身的性质，显然与本论范畴和特定对象或现象都有关系。

This was Heidegger's ontology, in which anxiety is not a token of our solitude, but instead signifies our pre-existing, internal connection to the nothing; a sort of umbilical cord tied directly to the source of all creation.

就是海德格尔的本论，在个本论中，焦虑不是我们孤独的象征，而是象征我们与虚无的预先存在的在联系；一脐带，直接连接到万物之源。

The very idea of substance includes its existence, for " existence appertains to substance" and " therefore from its mere definition its existence can be concluded." This resembles Anselm's ontological argument and raises the same problems.

物质的概念本身就包括它的存在，因为“存在属于物质”，并且“因此，从它的单纯定义中就可以得出它的存在”。类似于安瑟伦的本论论证，并提出了同样的问题。

Although both strategies might be seen as different ways of coping with the same threat of chaos as defenses against ontological anxiety, the former leads to growth, while the latter merely serves to keep the mind from unraveling.

尽管两策略都可能被视为应对相同混乱威胁、作为对抗本论焦虑的防御机制的不同方式，前者却能带来成长， 而后者仅仅是为了防止心灵崩溃。

Very few ontological theories of metaphors, if any, are to be found in the vast, diverse and ever-growing literature on metaphors. I wish to suggest that this deficiency relates to an insufficient approach to metaphor as medium.

很少能找到隐喻的本论理论，如果有的话。我想指出，缺陷与将隐喻作为媒介的方法不足有关。