The researchers say their findings show that both plant defenses and carnivorous predators help plants thrive.

科学家称，他们的研，植物防御肉食性捕食者对植物的繁茂都有促进作用。

Stinging wasps are one candidate, but the picnic irritants play a vital role, eating other pests and pollinating flowers.

会刺人的黄蜂是其中之一，但这种扰乱野餐的动物起着至关重要的作用，它们捕食其他害虫，并为花朵授粉。

The paper points out that big cat ecology and predator prey interactions in tropical regions are typically studied in natural systems.

在自然体系中，科学家热衷于研热带地区的大型猫科动物学捕食者与被捕食者之间的相互作用。

The dust from the impact reduced or stopped photosynthesis from many plants, starving herbivores and the carnivores that preyed on them.

大气中的尘埃严重得影响了许多植物的光合作用，饥饿肆虐着食草动物捕食它们的食肉动物。

Where usually the predator-prey interaction is one of brute force, venom takes it to a molecular scale.

捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用通常是一种蛮力，而毒液则将其带到了分子尺度。

I think everybody should know about phages and their role on earth: they hunt, infect and kill bacteria.

为每个人都应该了解噬菌体及其在地球上的作用：它们捕食、感染杀死细菌。

Researchers think that the bold pattern may work as a warning coloration, which directs a predator's attention to the defense itself.

研人员为， 这种大胆的图案可能起到警告色的作用，将捕食者的注意力引向防御本身。

And they're principally insectivores, meat eaters, but they do play a very important role when it comes to maintaining the plant community in this ecosystem.

它们主要捕食昆虫，是食肉动物，但它们在维持这个生态系统的植物群落中，确实起着相当重要的作用。

While the physical manifestations of camouflage might be diverse, they function in one of three ways: to impair detection, to impair identification or to redirect attack.

虽然伪装的物理现可能多种多样，但它们的作用方式一般有三种：干扰捕食者的探测、干扰捕食者的识别，以及改变其攻击方向。

In fact, a 2007 study found that the diversity of marine creatures over the past hundreds of millions of years is directly tied to interactions between predator and prey.

事实上，一项 2007 年的研发现，在过去的数亿年中，海洋生物的多样性捕食者猎物间的相互作用是直接相关的。

The arms race between predator and resistant prey has led to complex venoms that are incredibly precise in their targeting, fast-acting, and potent--all useful characteristics for medicines.

捕食者有抵抗力的猎物之间的军备竞赛导致了复杂的毒液的产生， 这些毒液的目标非常精确，作用迅速且有效——所有这些都是对药物有用的特性。

So it's a huge success because in a four or five-year-old forest, we've now got ocelots hunting other animals and we've restored the trophic interactions that we want to see in a rain forest.

所以这是一个巨大的成功，因为在一个四五年历史的森林中，们现在有豹猫捕食其他动物，们已经恢复了们希望在雨林中看到的营养相互作用。