N-nitroso compounds including volatile N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and non-volatile apparent total N-nitroso compounds (ATNC) showed genotoxic effects in animal model systems.
Objective:to study the chemical constituents of the essential oil of Inula helenium L.were extracted by steam distillation(SD)and supercritical-CO2 fluid(SFE).
Nutritional Effects: the main ingredients of pungent taste in ginger include zingerone, ginger alcohol and ginger hydroxybenzene which are volatile to some extend.