Remember how prostaglandin E2 keeps the ductus arteriosus open during fetal development?

还记得是前列腺素E2使动脉导管在胎儿育期开放吗？

That ring of sclerotic tissue often produces prostaglandins, which are small molecules that trigger the sensation of pain.

硬化的骨组织通常会产生前列腺素，这些小分子会引疼痛感。

Soon after birth, the foramen ovale closes and prostaglandin E2 levels fall, causing the ductus arteriosus to close off.

出生后不久，卵圆孔闭合、前列腺素E2水平下降，导致动脉导管闭合。

When it receives this message, the hypothalamus produces another molecule called prostaglandin E2, which gears it up for war.

当下丘脑接受到这种信息，它会产生另一种分子叫做前列腺素E2，在战争了重要的作用。

That reduces the production of prostaglandins, hormone-like compounds that normally cause inflammation and pain.

这会减前列腺素的产生，前列腺素是通常会引和疼痛的类激素化合物。

And what they do is they block the release of prostaglandins.

他们所做的是阻止前列腺素的释放。

Aspirin and ibuprofen block production of one class of these tuning chemicals, called prostaglandins.

阿司匹林和布洛芬可阻止一种调节化学物质的生产，称为“前列腺素”。

It acts in the brain, it inhibits the pain and inflammation producing chemicals called prostaglandins.

它作用于大脑，抑制疼痛和，产生称为前列腺素的化学物质。

In response, it produces bicarbonate, mucus, and phospholipids called prostaglandins to maintain the integrity of its own lining.

作为回应，它会产生碳酸氢盐、粘液和称为前列腺素的磷脂，以维持自身内膜的完整性。

When we menstruate, the lining of the uterus releases substances that are made into chemicals called prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators.

当我们来月经时，子宫内膜会释放出一种物质， 这些物质会被制成称为前列腺素和其他介质的化学物质。

That's because cytokines and prostaglandin can reach even higher structures in your brain, disrupting the activity of neurotransmitters, like glutamate, endorphins, serotonin, and dopamine.

这是因为细胞因子和前列腺素可以到达你大脑更高的结构，破坏神经递质活性，如谷氨酸，内啡肽，血清素，和多巴胺。

They showed that the drug interrupts the production of certain chemicals called prostaglandins, which control the transmission of pain sensations and inflammation.

他们表明，这种药物会断某些称为前列腺素的化学物质的产生，这种化学物质控制痛觉和的传递。

Well, the drug indomethacin can be used to close a PDA because it's a type of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, and it inhibits prostaglandin E2.

而药物吲哚美辛被用来使PDA闭合，因为它是种非甾体抗药，或称NSAID，可抑制前列腺素E2。

For example, IL-4 leads the production of IgE antibodies which coat mast cells and stimulate them to release granules containing things like histamines, leukotrienes and prostaglandins.

例如，IL-4导致了IgE抗体的产生，覆盖在肥大细胞表面，并刺激它们释放含有像组胺、白三烯和前列腺素等物质的颗粒。

In fetal development, the ductus arteriosus is kept open by high levels of a vasodilator prostaglandin E2 which is made by the placenta and by the ductus arteriosus itself.

在胎儿育期，动脉导管开放是由于一种高浓度的血管扩张剂前列腺素E2，由胎盘和动脉导管自身分泌。

Sometimes babies might be given prostaglandin E, which keeps the ductus arteriosus open, even though this is typically only a short-term solution and ultimately the baby's going to need surgical repair.

有时，宝宝可以用前列腺素E，来维持动脉导管的开放，尽管这通常只是一个短期的解决方案，最终宝宝会需要手术修复。

Cortisol also helps to dampen the inflammatory and immune response by reducing the production and release of inflammatory mediators, like prostaglandins and interleukins, as well as inhibiting the proliferation of T-lymphocytes.

皮质醇也有助于抑制和免疫反应，会降低如前列腺素和白细胞介素等介质的制造和释放，也会抑制T淋巴细胞的增殖。

And we also have hormonal contraception, which gives us a thinner lining of the uterus, so there's less prostaglandins produced and with less blood, there's less need for cramping.

我们还有荷尔蒙避孕药， 它让我们的子宫内膜更薄，所以产生的前列腺素更， 血液也更， 所以不太需要抽筋。