Factor Xa, with Factor Va as a cofactor, turns factor II (also called prothrombin) into factor IIa or thrombin.

活性Xa和作为辅的Va将II（凝酶原）转变为IIa（凝酶）。

Thrombin also turns factor XIII into factor XIIIa which cross links the fibrin to form a stable clot.

凝酶也能使XIII转变为XIIIa；XIIIa与纤维蛋白通过交叉连接形成稳固的凝块。

So, in people with protein C and S deficiency, the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex can't cleave and inactivate factors V and VIII.

所以，在蛋白C和S缺乏症患者体内，凝酶-栓调节蛋白复合物能裂解灭活V和VIII。

Finally, an elevated or prolonged prothrombin time, which is the time it takes your blood to clot, is a typical lab finding in more severe cases.

最终，凝酶原时间延长，即凝固的时间，也是更严重自免肝病例的典型实验室指标。

Thrombin then turns factor I or fibrinogen, which is soluble, into factor Ia or fibrin, which is insoluble and precipitates out of the blood at the site of injury.

之后凝酶将可溶的I（纤维蛋白原）转变为Ia（纤维蛋白原），纤维蛋白可溶，便在损伤部位从中析出。

And birth control pills tip the balance towards clotting because they increase the levels of clotting factors and decrease the levels of some anticoagulation factors like protein C and antithrombin.

而避孕药使得凝功能亢进，为避孕药增强了凝的功能，降低了蛋白C及抗凝酶等抗凝的功能。

There is also a prolonged prothrombin (or PT) time, as well as prolonged partial thromboplastin time (or PTT), both of which reflect having lower levels of circulating coagulation factors.

凝酶原（PT）时间和部分凝活酶（PTT）时间均会延长，两者都反映出循环中低水平的凝。

Diagnosis of hemophilia A and B usually starts with lab tests including a platelet count which is usually normal, a prothrombin (PT) time, and a partial thromboplastic (PTT) time.

友病A和B的诊断通常是进行实验检测，包括小板计数（一般正常）、凝酶原时间（PT），以及部分凝活酶时间（PTT）。

Also, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or DIC, is also a possible complication, since the decidua basalis layer is also rich in thromboplastin, so an abruption causes the release of large quantities of thromboplastin which causes widespread clotting.

还有弥散性管内凝（DIC）也是并发症之一，由于基蜕膜层内富含促凝酶原激酶，所以胎盘剥离导致促凝酶原激酶大量释放，从而导致广泛的凝。

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood and consists of water, dissolved proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, and other substances. The four major plasma proteins are albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin.

浆是的体部分，由水，溶解的蛋白质，糖，盐，激素和其他物质组成。四种主要的浆蛋白是白蛋白，球蛋白，纤维蛋白原和凝酶原。

So, it starts with a protein called thrombomodulin, which is on endothelial cells that line our blood vessels, and together with thrombin, they form a complex that also includes protein C and protein S.

这一过程从栓调节蛋白开始，它位于管的内皮细胞中，与凝酶形成一个复合物，其同时也包含蛋白C和S。