ANA is detected by indirect immunofluorescence.

ANA 通过间接免疫荧光法检测。

But, to be sure the immune-shielding proteins were still there, the team used two special techniques, immunofluorescence and western blotting, to check for their presence.

但是，为了确保免疫屏蔽蛋白仍然存，研究用了两种特殊技术--免疫荧光和蛋白质印迹法--来检查它们是否存。

And on immunofluorescence, there might be nonspecific focal deposits of IgM and complement proteins, and these get trapped in the areas of hyalinosis, but these isn't always seen.

免疫荧光电镜下，可能有非特异性病灶IgM和补体蛋白；这局限于玻璃样变区域，但不总是出现。

Those immune complexes can also be visualized on immunofluorescence, although one important finding that can help differentiate from other immune-complex mediated nephropathies is that these complexes involve IgA.

用免疫荧光电镜也可以看到这免疫复合物，但有一点需要注意，有助于和其他免疫复合物介导的肾病区分，就是这免疫复合物包含IgA。

The team deployed an advanced imaging tool called Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging (MxIF), which is used to repeatedly stain tumor samples with antibodies attached to fluorescent dyes.

该团队部署了一种称为多重免疫荧光成像 (MxIF) 的高级成像工具， 该工具用于用附着荧光染料上的抗体对肿瘤样本进行重复染色。