Although the Opium Wars were over now, the Taiping was still causing chaos.

虽然鸦片战争已经结束，太平天国仍在造成混乱。

Then you had the opium wars.

然后就是鸦片战争。

The effects of the Opium Wars on China were far-reaching.

鸦片战争对国的影响是深远的。

Assuming the conquest was complete, Britain withdrew large portions of the army in preparation for the brewing opium war in China.

英国想当然地认为对阿富汗的征服已经结束，因此撤走了军队的大部分，以准备对国发起酝酿已久的的鸦片战争。

In 1860, the Second Opium War (1856-60) culminated in British and French troops sacking the Old Summer Palace, or Yuanmingyuan, in Beijing.

1860 年，第二次鸦片战争（1856 年至 1860 年）以英法军队洗劫北京圆明园而告终。

The opium war of 1839 to 1842 was a major testimony to China's inability to defend itself against outside aggression.

1839年至1842年的鸦片战争是国无力抵御外来侵略的重要证明。

First was China's humiliating defeat in the Opium Wars, after which Western nations forced China to give Europeans special trade privileges.

首先是国在鸦片战争，此后西方国家迫使国给予欧洲人特殊的贸易特权。

The Opium Wars were a series  of conflicts fought over the lucrative drug trade in mainland  China during the 19th century.

鸦片战争是 19 世纪国大陆为争夺利润丰厚的毒品贸易而发生的一系列冲突。

The Opium Wars, however, were not just about opium and silver, but about power and the race to rule the world.

然而，鸦片战争不仅仅关乎鸦片和白银，还关乎权力和统治世界的竞赛。

By the outbreak of the second Opium War, shipments of opium to China had reached a staggering seventy thousand chests per year.

到第二次鸦片战争爆发时，每年运往国的鸦片已达到惊人的七万箱。

After the Opium War, he signed a treaty with Britain to cede Hong Kong, and he did it secretly without the court's knowledge.

鸦片战争后， 他与英国签订割让香港的条约，而且是在朝廷不知情的情况下秘密进行的。

The treaty then forced on China was so humiliating it made even the ending to the Second Opium War looked like mere fascist play in comparison.

当时强加给国的条约是如此具有羞辱性，以至于第二次鸦片战争的结束相比之下看起来就像纯粹的法西斯。

France joined Britain in this second Opium War, also known as the Arrow War, and two years later, a new Unequal Treaty was signed.

法国与英国一起参加了第二次鸦片战争，也被称为箭战争，两年后，签署了一项新的不平等条约。

The Opium Wars, the Taiping Rebellion, and later, in 1900, the Boxer Rebellion, were constant reminders of government corruption and China's weakness against foreign intrusion and manipulation.

鸦片战争、太平天国起义，以及后来的 1900 年义和团运动，不断提醒人们注意政府腐和国在抵御外国入侵和操纵方面的弱点。

Just the threat of American steam-powered warships was enough to convince the bakufu to sign some humiliating trade treaties that weren't unlike the ones that China had signed after losing the Opium Wars.

仅仅是美国蒸汽动力军舰的威胁就足以说服幕府签署一些屈辱的贸易条约，这些条约与国在鸦片战争失后签署的条约没有什么不同。

Despite having greater numbers, China would  struggle against the technologically-superior British, who were determined to protect  their colonial interests. Ultimately, the Opium Wars would cement European hegemony  in Asia by opening this once-untouchable nation.

尽管人数更多， 国仍将与技术领先的英国人作斗争，后者决心保护其殖民利益。最终，鸦片战争打开了这个曾经不可触及的国家， 从而巩固了欧洲在亚洲的霸权。

To learn more about the Opium Wars,   check out our book, The Opium Wars: A Captivating Guide to the  First and Second Opium War and Their Impact on the History  of the United Kingdom and China.

要了解有关鸦片战争的更多信息，请查看我们的书《鸦片战争：第一次和第二次鸦片战争及其对英国和国历史的影响的迷人指南》。