The epigenome is kinda like Play-Doh on the genome.

观基因组有点像基因组上的橡皮泥。

That's exactly right and that's what apparent motion is about.

完全正确，这就是观运动的意义所在。

And this silencing of the maternal copies is an epigenetic process.

这母源基因的沉默是观遗传学过程。

But even though epigenetic changes are sticky, they're not necessarily permanent.

但是即使观基因变异是令人不满的，它们不是永久的。

But in epimutations it doesn't get erased and gets passed on.

但是观突变不会消失，而是直传递。

And that epigenome is constantly changing.

观基因组是不断变化的。

And gravity acts alongside several apparent forces to determine what those orbits look like.

力与几观力起作用，确定了这些轨道形状。

What all these epigenetic markers are doing remains obscure.

这些观遗传学标志物到底都做了什么目前仍然不清楚。

Mr. Sabanayagam says identifying epigenomic marks is important for human studies in the future.

Sabanayagam识别观基因组性状对未的人类研究要。

After about a week the scientists take out the worms. They look for changes in the worms' epigenome.

周后科学家将蠕虫取出，然后观察蠕虫观基因组的改变。

So epigenetic silencing of a gene means turning it off while keeping the DNA sequence itself the same.

基因的观沉默是指，在DNA核苷酸序列不变的情况下，抑制基因的达。

The epigenetic changes caused by one single mother rat were passed down to many generations of rats after her.

个鼠妈妈导致的观遗传变异会被传递给她后面的好几代老鼠。

The effects in these toys and movies and screens today create an illusion neuroscientists call apparent motion.

今天这些玩具、电影和屏幕中的效果创造了错觉，神经科学家称之为观运动。

Scientists often use genetics and epigenetics to identify genes that might be linked to developing cute features and babies.

科学家经常使用遗传学和观遗传学识别可能与可爱特征和婴儿发育有关的基因。

As twins get older, their epigenomes diverge, affecting the way they age and their susceptibility to disease.

当双胞胎慢慢长大，它们的观基因组不样了，影响了他们的寿命和他们受疾病的损害程度。

The epigenome can be changed by the environment. And those changes pass from one generation of worms to the next.

观基因组可以被环境改变，这些改变从代蠕虫传递到下代。

These are considered epigenetic changes, meaning that they effect which genes are expressed without directly changing the genetic code.

这些被认为是观遗传变异，就是它们在不直接更改基因代码的前提下，影响了哪些基因被现出。

Meanwhile, new genome editing techniques are making it much easier to identify which epigenetic changes really matter for health and disease.

与此同时，新观基因组编辑的技术正在将它变得更简单区分哪些观基因变异对于健康和疾病有要意义。

Now, 15 years of collaboration with neuroscience and epigenetics said yes, our brains change when you train in altruism.

神经科学和观遗传学 长达15年的合作也明，改变可以发生，当你接受利他精神的训练时， 你的大脑会发生改变。

Sometimes that methylation occurs on the paternal chromosome even when there's no imprinting center defect, and that's called an epimutation.

有时即使印记中心没有突变，父源染色体也可以发生甲基化，这过程称为观突变。