Heather also uses the word " securities." A " security" is just another name for a stock, a bond, or a derivative – a type of investment.

希瑟还使用了“券” 一词。 “券”只是股票、债券或衍生品（一种）别称。

We paid particular attention to the buying and selling of derivatives, those often impenetrable forms of securities that had helped intensify losses across the system once the subprime mortgage market collapsed.

我们特别关注衍生品买卖，这些券往往是难以穿透券形式，一旦次级抵押贷款市场崩溃，这些券就加剧了整个系统损失。

And their capital markets regulator, Sebi is also looking to raise the minimum contract size on derivatives trading, raise margins before expiry, basically making it more expensive and costly in general.

而其本市场监管机构券交易委员会（Sebi）也在考虑提高衍生品交易合约规模，提高到期前保金，从根本上使得衍生品交易总体上变得更加昂贵。

Whatever the final number, a rise in the price of the basic raw material that banks use to forge the clever derivatives and exotic instruments they sell all over the world will probably price some out of the market.

不管后提高到多少，基本原材料（银行用它们来打造金融衍生产品，向全世界兜售外国券）价格上涨很可能会帮助确定部分市场产品价格。