China is also where the first movable type printing machines were invented.

中国也是最早发明活字印刷术的地方。

And standardized movable type, that was only invented like one thousand years ago, in Asia.

而标准化活字印刷术大概是一千前在亚洲才发明的。

Around 1439, the German goldsmith, Johann Gutenberg, developed his own version of a movable type-based press system.

大约在1439，德国金匠约翰·古腾堡(Johann Gutenberg)发明了他自己版本的活字印刷系统。

The skeleton of the book is paper, type, and cover.

这本书的骨架是纸、活字和封面。

It was Korea, for example, that pioneered moveable metal type, and it did it so well before it was invented in Europe.

，他们最早创造了金属活字，远早于欧洲。

And he was one of the first printers, so he had this movable type printing machine, this press.

他是最早的印刷商之一，所以他有这台活字印刷机， 这台印刷机。

Then around 1400 AD, King Taejong of Korea ordered the creation of the first metal movable type.

公元1400左右，朝鲜太宗下令制造第一台金属活字印刷术。

The earliest movable type pieces consisted of reversed letters cast in relief on the ends of lead alloy stocks.

最早的活字印刷品由在铅合金枪托末端浮雕的反转字母组成。

OK. What is another word for the keyboard sign that represents a paragraph? Is it… a) pilcrow? b) bodkin? or c) pica?

好的。哪一符号代表一段落？a) pilcrow（段落符号）？b) bodkin（锥子）？ c) pica （十二点活字）？

Of those advances—in paper, movable type, metallurgy, presses, inks, and scripts—paper and the idea of movable type reached Europe from China.

在纸张、活字印刷、冶金、印刷机、油墨和文字等方面的进步中，纸张和活字印刷的想法是从中国传到欧洲的。

Movable type was a major development because it meant that multiple copies of a book could be printed easily, cheaply, and quickly.

活字印刷是一项重大发展，因为它意味着可以轻松、廉价且快速地印刷一本书的多份副本。

Movable type allowed individual  characters to be arranged to form words, making the written word more accessible  to vast swathes of European populations.

活字印刷允许将单字符排列成单词，使书面文字更容易为广大欧洲人口所接受。

The concept of moveable type had been invented much earlier in Eastern culture, but the introduction of Gutenberg's press had a profound effect.

活字印刷术的概念在东方文化中的发明时间要早得多，但古腾堡印刷机的引入产生了深远的影响。

Unfortunately, neither of these inventions was widely used because the eighty thousand characters of the Chinese language made movable type rather impractical.

不幸的是，这些发明都没有得到广泛应用，因为八万汉字使得活字印刷术相当不实用。

An important innovation occurred in the tenth century AD, when a Chinese man, Pi Sheng, invented the first system of movable type out of clay.

公元十世纪发生了一项重要的创新，当时中国人皮升发明了第一粘土活字印刷系统。

My parents are actually, they grew up speaking the Navajo language; they're fluent speakers. They're like a dictionary. If I ask them, “How do you say this? ” they translate.

我的父母就是说纳瓦霍语长大的，都非常流利。他们像活字典一样。果我问他们：“这用纳瓦霍语怎么说”，他们就会直接翻出来。

Many historians use the invention of the  first European movable type printing process in 1450 by Gutenberg as a beginning point  for the early modern period in Europe.

许多历史学家将古腾堡于 1450 发明的第一欧洲活字印刷工艺作为欧洲近代早期的起点。

In 1382, nearly 135 years  before Martin Luther, and 60 years before the introduction of movable type to Europe, England's  John Wycliffe oversaw the translation of the Bible from Latin.

1382 ， 马丁·路德早了近 135 ，在活字印刷术传入欧洲的 60 之前，英格兰的约翰·威克里夫 （John Wycliffe） 监督了圣经从拉丁文的翻译。

Inks had been made by combining organic plant and animal dyes with water or wine, but since water doesn't stick to metal type, use of the printing press required a change to oil-based ink.

油墨是通过将有机植物和动物染料与水或酒混合制成的，但由于水不粘在金属活字上，因此印刷机的使用需要改用油基油墨。

The long list of Chinese inventions includes canal lock gates, cast iron, deep drilling, efficient animal harnesses, gunpowder, kites, magnetic compasses, movable type, paper, porcelain, printing (except for the Phaistos disk), sternpost rudders, and wheelbarrows.

中国的发明包括运河闸门、铸铁、深钻、高效动物挽具、火药、风筝、磁力罗、活字印刷术、纸张、瓷器、印刷术（斐斯托斯圆除外）、尾柱舵和独轮车。