So, for every valley there is a peak, and for every peak, a valley.

对应原声波波谷，新声波会有个波峰，而对应其波峰，新声波会有个波谷。

See, sound waves, like light waves, have peaks and valleys.

声波跟光波样，有波峰和波谷。

They have a trough and a crest, and consist not of moving water, but the movement of energy through water.

它们有波谷和波峰，并不流动，而能量运动。

When one wave's peak met another's trough, though, the light's intensity would fall.

然而，当个波波峰遇到个波波谷，光强度就会下降。

That is to say, the crests of one set of waves may coincide with the troughs of the other set.

也就说，组波波峰可能组波波谷重合。

So the wave is basically a peak that moves from being a crest to a trough and vice versa

所以波浪个峰，它从存在改变 顶点到波谷，反之亦然。

But waves interfere DEstructively when one wave's crest run into the other wave's trough, and vice versa.

但当个波波峰碰到波波谷，波会破坏性地干扰，反之亦然。

Waves interfere constructively when the crests of both waves end up in the same spot, and so do their troughs.

当两个波波峰最终在同个位置，波会产生建设性干扰，它们波谷也如此。

These pressure variations can be modeled by a sine wave, where the peaks represent increased pressure and the troughs represent decreased pressure.

这些压力变化可以通过正弦波建模，其中波峰代表压力增加而波谷代表压力降低。

If the peak of one ripple hits the valley of a  second ripple, they will subtract each other, producing a flat surface.

如果个波纹波峰碰到第二个波纹波谷，它们会相互抵消，产生个平坦表面。

Sometimes the peaks line up to produce a louder sound, and when a peak lines up with a trough, they cancel out.

有波峰排列在起会产生更大声音，而当波峰波谷排列在起，它们就会抵消。

Change it enough, and you'll reach a point where the crests match the valleys, making the waves cancel each other out — that's destructive interference.

改变得够多，就会达到某个点，让波峰对上波谷，让波彼此抵消——那就相消（破坏性）干涉。

The light that the cascade produced is of the same wavelength, with the peaks and troughs of the light waves fluctuating in unison.

级联产生光具有相同波长，光波波峰和波谷致波动。

So the crests of different light waves combine, and so do the troughs, forming one wave with a higher amplitude.

所以不同光波波峰结合，波谷也结合，形成个振幅更高波。

Crest to trough a single such wave could take more than a decade to pass through our solar system, despite moving at the speed of light.

从波峰到波谷——尽管以光速来移动，单个引力波要用十多年才能穿过我们太阳系。

However, phase shifting would be seen as breaking up the waves' locations of the peaks and the troughs within a set of wavelengths.

然而，相移会被视为破坏组波长内波峰和波谷位置。

We can look at the spacing between the ripple crests as well as the amplitude or the height from the crest to the trough.

我们可以观察波峰之间间距以及波峰到波谷幅度或高度。

And when a wave is out of phase by 180 degrees, it's destructive, with the crests and troughs cancelling each other out.

当波相位相差 180 度，它具有破坏性，波峰和波谷相互抵消。

When the waves are an exact number of wavelengths apart, the crests and troughs will line up – creating constructive interference and a bright line.

当波相隔定数量波长，波峰和波谷将对齐——产生相长干涉和条亮线。

A fixed end will invert the wave -- turning crests into troughs, and vice versa -- while a loose end will just reflect it without inverting it.

固定端会反转波——将波峰变成波谷，反之亦然——而松散端只会反射它而不反转它。