Aspartame is broken down to phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and methanol.

阿斯巴甜分解成苯、天冬和甲醇。

Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine are all nonpolar assets and this is how you drop them in an exam.

甘，，缬，亮全都是非极性的，这就是你如何征考试的秘诀啦！

But beta-alanine doesn't just affect your muscles – it likes to hang out with your nerves, too.

但是β-不只影响肌肉，它还喜欢待在神经中。

Phenylalanine is in so many foods, it's incredibly hard to avoid.

苯存在于许多食物中，很难避免。

Matt's A.L.T.s are up to 800.

Matt的转酶已经上800了。

In other words, when someone ingests more beta-alanine, or gets more injected through their skin, the tingly side-effects get worse.

换句话说，当人们用或是皮下注射了更多的β-，这种刺痛的副作用就会更加明显。

So it kind of makes sense that beta-alanine is in some pre-workout supplements, to theoretically help you push through an intense workout and get swole.

可见 β-出现在一些训前补剂中是很有道理的，理论上讲，它可以使人在激烈运动后不觉得肌肉肿胀。

The consequence of ingesting phenylalanine for people with PKU is that they are subject to permanent intellectual disabilities, so it's a scary thing to have.

PKU患者摄入苯的后果是会出现永久性智力障碍，所以吃苯是一件很可怕的事情。

People with PKU are unable to properly metabolize or digest phenylalanine, which is one of the 20 common amino acids that we've been talking about.

患有 PKU 的人无法正确代谢或消化苯，苯是我们一直在谈论的 20 种常见基之一。

Alanine aminotransferase, or ALT, is mostly found only in the liver, and aspartate aminotransferase, or AST, is found in both the liver as well as other tissues.

比如基转移酶（ALT），在肝内最多见；又如天冬基转移酶（AST），可见于肝及其他组织中。

These supplements might contain things like caffeine, taurine, beta-alanine, creatine, things that end in 'een', chemicals that can make you more alert and get your blood pumping.

这些补剂可能包括咖啡因、牛磺、β-、肌等，这些以“in”音结尾的化学物质可以使人变得反应机敏，并促进血管收缩(使心跳加快加强)。

Grade 3 or higher treatment-related AEs occurred in 28% of patients, the most common being hypertension (9%) and increased alanine or aspartate aminotransferase levels (9% and 6%, respectively).

28% 的患者出现 3 级或更高级别的治疗相关 AE，最常见的是高血压 (9%) 以及或天冬转酶水平升高（分别为 9% 和 6%）。

Outside of people with a rare genetic disorder known as phenylketonuria, phenylalanine and aspartic acid are generally safe to consume, since they're amino acids that exist in pretty much any protein source.

除了患有罕见遗传性疾病-苯酮尿症的人之外，其他人通常可以安全食用苯和天冬，因为这两者是几乎存在于所有蛋白质中的基。

The culprit seems to be an amino acid in lots of pre-workout supplements called beta-alanine, which your body can use to make a molecule called carnosine, which hangs out in your skeletal muscles.

罪魁祸首似乎是β-，它是一种基，存在于许多训前补剂中，你的身体可以用它来形成一种叫作肌肽的小分子，这种小分子存在于骨骼肌中。

Essential amino acids, or EAAs, are amino acids that our body needs but cannot produce on its own, and there are 9 of them: Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

基本基，简称 EAA，是我们身体需要但不能自己产生的基，其中有 9 种：组，异亮，亮，赖，蛋，苯，苏，色和缬。