He tended to dismiss adversaries as fools, rather than as merely mistaken, or half-right.

他宁愿将自己的对手看成是一个个的傻子也不愿将他们当成只是有一点点的学术过失或对学术方面是一知半解的。

This makes you realize which part you understand and where you still have gaps whenever you get stuck go back to study and repeat that process until you have explained the whole topic from start to end.

这让你你理解了哪一部分，哪里还有差距，当你还有一知半解的地方，回学习，重复这个过程，直你把整个话题从头尾解释完。