匪首

The bandit chief surrendered himself to despair and took his own life.

匪首在绝望中自杀。

Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti，profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.

匪首刘桂堂以其活动范围广、历经时间、集匪众多、危害社会大，成为民国时期国罕见的巨匪，也为民国土匪史的研究提个典型个案。