Wernerians thought strata were deposits from shrinking seas, but James Hutton proposed a self-maintaining infinite cycle, anticipating uniformitarianism.
The old slow and steady idea called uniformitarianism now stood alongside a new idea called catastrophism, where rapid and violent events could sometimes shape Earth's geology in ways that slower processes couldn't explain.
质圈层划分及其特征、将今论古说。
的海洋的沉积物，但詹姆斯•赫顿提出了一个自我维持的无限
，
进了
战斗变成了灾难主义和
为
旧缓慢而稳
法现在与
