(metonymic chain and metaphtonymy, although metaphor too).

(转喻链和转喻, 虽然也是隐喻)。

The pay-off (" Mobile banking replaces intracity trips" ) helps recognize these metonymic relationships.

回报（“移动银了城内旅” ）有助于识别些转喻关系。

Metonymic expansion is needed to understand the target (freezing temperature) by the source (?

需要转喻扩来理解源 （？

In Section 5 we address metonymic complexes and the possible combinations between metonymic expansion and reduction processes in visuals.

在第 5 节中， 我们讨论了转喻复合物以及视觉中转喻扩和还原过程之间的可能组合。

Moreover, we consider how Ruiz de Mendoza's distinction between metonymic expansion and metonymic reduction manifests itself in advertisements (Section 3).

此外，我们考虑了 Ruiz de Mendoza 对转喻扩和转喻减少的区分如何在告中表现出来（第 3 节）。

But since this ad is about mobile banking, a metonymic reduction is needed to get at the meaning of mobile banking.

但是，由于告是关于手机银的，因此需要减少转喻来理解手机银的含义。

She devotes special attention to two (of four) metonymic complexes of Ruiz de Mendoza's typology (2007): " double domain expansion" and " metonymic expansion plus reduction" .

她特别关注了 Ruiz de Mendoza 类型学（2007 年）的两个（共四个）转喻复合体：“双域扩”和“转喻扩加还原” 。

" His sister heads the policy unit" is a metonymic sentence in the verbal realm in which " head" can ultimately stand for the action of " leading" because of its crucial instrumental role in such an action (see Diagram 19).

“His sister heads the policy unit”是动词领域的一个转喻句，其中“head”最终可以表“leading”的动，因为它在种动中发挥着至关重要的工具作用（见图 19）。

Like her, we were not able to locate an instance of metonymic reduction in advertisements, but we did propose examples for the two other patterns in Ruiz de Mendoza's typology: " double domain reduction" and " domain reduction plus domain expansion" .

和她一样，我们无法在告中找到转喻减少的实例，但我们确实为 Ruiz de Mendoza 的类型学中的另外两种模式提出了示例：“双域缩减”和“域缩减加域扩” 。