Just two or three carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, and some hydrogens.

只有两个或三个碳原子、一个基以及一些氢原子。

The incorporation of Ascorbic acid with the enzyme, adds hydroxyl group on proline residue in collagen.

抗坏血酸与酶的结合，使胶原中的脯氨酸残基上增加了基。

The data showed the presence of molecules linked to water, as well as the substance hydroxyl.

数据显示，月球上存在与水有关的分子，以及物质基。

And what's left are molecules with four carbons, each of which is saturated, and attached to a hydroxyl group.

剩的是含四个碳的分子，每个都是饱和的，依附在基上。

Normally, dehydration would make tardigrade DNA susceptible to damage from chemicals called hydroxyl radicals, which form when water molecules split.

通常，脱水会使缓步DNA易受到一种名由基的化学物质的伤害，这种物质在水分子分裂时形成。

Its molecules come in long chains, called polymers, and on each end there's a hydrogen-oxygen pair, called a hydroxyl group.

他的分子拥有很长的链叫做高分子聚合物，每一个分子的末端都有一个氢氧基对，叫做基组。

So proline that's had a hydroxyl molecule added to it.

脯氨酸中已经添加了一个基分子。

Sometimes a hydroxyl group from one molecule is happy to join up with a hydrogen from another, forming water.

有时，一个分子中的基很乐意与另一个分子中的氢结合， 形成水。

And what’s left are molecules with four carbons, each of which is saturated, and attached to a hydroxyl group.

剩的是有四个碳的分子，每个碳都是饱和的，并连接到一个基上。

Scientists would need to treat rock and soil with heat to extract water molecules and hydroxyl from them and turn it into liquid water, he said.

他说，科学家需要用热处理岩石和土壤，从中提取水分子和基，并将其转化液态水。

It reacts with HOPDMS in such a way that it breaks off a hydroxyl group from one end of each chain, so that two chains can join together!

它与 HOPDMS 产生反应，通过打断每一个链接末尾的基组，使得两个链接可以结合在一起！

Their experiments show that methanol, commonly known as wood alcohol, and hydroxyl react rapidly at –210 degrees Celsius to form methoxy, which has also been spotted in space.

他们的实验显示，甲醇（俗名木精）和基形成甲氧基的反应速度在零 210 摄氏度时很快，而研究人员也在宇宙中发现了这一过程。

Carboxylic acids are a type of organic compound characterized by a carbon (C) atom doubly bonded to an oxygen (O) atom and singly bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH) .

羧酸是一种有机化合物，其特征是一个碳（C）原子与一个氧（O）原子双键结合，并与一个基（-OH）单键结合。

The researchers said, " Just like we see different colors from different materials, the infrared spectrometer can see many (infrared) colors to better determine the composition, including the water and hydroxyl."

研究人员说，就像我们看到不同材料有不同的颜色一样，红外光谱仪可以看到许多(红外)颜色，可以更好地确定其成分，包括水和基。

Beta hydroxybutyric acid on the other hand, even though it's still one of the ketone bodies, isn't technically a ketoacid since its ketone group has been reduced to a hydroxyl group.

而β-基丁酸虽说也是酮体，但却不是酮酸，因它的酮基团被还原成了基。

If you were paying attention, you learned that alcohols are organic compounds with hydroxyl groups, if you dehydrogenate them, the hydroxyl converts to a carbonyl and they become dehydrogenated alcohols or aldehydes.

如果你留心的话，你就会知道醇是带有基的有机化合物， 如果你将它们脱氢， 基就会转化羰基， 它们就会变成脱氢的醇或醛。

Technically speaking, an alcohol is any compound that contains a hydrogen-oxygen pair, known as a hydroxyl group, that's bound to an atom of carbon that's saturated, meaning all of its electrons are bound to something else.

严格说来，含有氢氧化合物的东西都是酒精，也就是我们所熟知的氢氧基，粘着在饱和的碳原子上，也就是意味着所有的电子都粘着在另外的东西上。

And that's done, apparently the, nobody needs to know this, but just for fun stuff, the hydroxyproline helps stabilize the structure because of the hydrogen bonding with the hydroxyl molecules, which I found interesting.

就这样了，显然，没有人需要知道这一点，但只是了好玩， 脯氨酸有助于稳定结构， 因它与基分子形成氢键，我发现这很有趣。

If it's a six carbon chain with a carboxylic acid on it and an alcohol on one of the other carbons, our name has to do two things: identify that the hydroxyl group is there and identify where it is.

如果它是一个六碳链， 上面有一个羧酸， 另一个碳上有一个醇，我们的名字必须做两件事：确定基的存在并确定它的位置。