Finally, there might a large, loculated pleural effusion caused by bacterial pneumonia or tuberculosis which may require surgery because it can thicken into a paste-like substance called an empyema which wouldn't drain easily through a tube.

最后，细菌肺炎或肺结核导致的大量多房积液能需手治疗，因为积液能变浓稠成为类似浆糊的物质，称为脓，不易导管引流。