Rather, they cover isolated forms of the genes, which have been identified, snipped from the genome and chemically modified to make them analysable in a laboratory.

恰恰相反，专利涉及的是这些的分离，被测定的分离是从组中剪出来经化学方法修饰后可用于分析的一类。

Hence the occurrences which are CALLED knowledge of the past are logically independent of the past; they are wholly analysable into present contents, which might, theoretically, be just what they are even if no past had existed.

此，被称为过去知识的事件在逻辑上独立于过去；它们完全可以分析为现在的内容，从理论上讲，即使过去不存在，它们也可能就是现在的内容。