Nevertheless, scholars noticed that the Euler-Bernoulli model failed to indicate the dislocation between rings, while it widely occurred in in-service shield tunnels.
And then we'll come up with general formulas for the mean and variance and standard deviation of this distribution, which is actually called the Bernoulli Distribution.
In initial studies, the tunnel model in the LECM was conceptualized as a longitudinal continuous Euler-Bernoulli beam, as its simple computation and flexibility in complex analysis.